抗肿瘤免疫疗法在肺癌等特定恶性肿瘤的临床治疗中表现出良好的应用前景，但更多的实体肿瘤临床治疗还有待于基础研究原创发现向临床诊疗转化的突破。在“抑制负向免疫调节用于肿瘤治疗”领域有突出贡献的两位免疫学家被授予2018年度诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。中医是中华民族的传统医学宝藏，对于肿瘤治疗的认知与现代免疫疗法的概念有很多相通之处。本文小结了中药提取物及天然产物单分子在调节免疫系统方面的研究进展，并从固有免疫及适应免疫两方面进一步讨论中药在抗肿瘤免疫中的作用机理。

Anti-tumor immunotherapy has shown good application prospects in the clinical treatment of several given malignant tumors such as lung cancer, but most type of solid tumors still need to be transformed from original discovery in basic research to clinical diagnosis and treatment. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2018 was awarded jointly to James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo “for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation”. Traditional Chinese Medicine is the treasure of Chinese Ethnic Peoples. There are many similarities between the cognition of tumor treatment of traditional Chinese medicine and the concept of modern immunotherapy. In this paper, we summarized the research progress of traditional Chinese
medicine extract and single molecules of natural compound in regulating immune system. Besides, we discussed the mechanism of
traditional Chinese medicine in antitumor immunity from the aspects of both innate immunity and adaptive immunity.