mRNA技术荣获2023年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖

许瑶, 李可心, 赵连梅, 张洪涛

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2023.06.004

自然杂志 >

2023 , Vol. 45 >Issue 6: 423 - 428

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2023.06.004

诺贝尔奖简介

mRNA技术荣获2023年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖

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①杭州赛得康生物科技有限公司，杭州 310000；②河北医科大学第四医院研究中心，石家庄 050011

收稿日期: 2023-10-25

网络出版日期: 2023-12-21

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The mRNA technology won the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

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① Hangzhou CytoCan Biotech Limited Company, Hangzhou 310000, China；② Research Center, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China

Received date: 2023-10-25

Online published: 2023-12-21

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摘要

mRNA要成为药物或疫苗，科学家需要解决其会被免疫细胞识别并降解的问题。卡塔琳•卡里科和德鲁•魏斯曼荣获2023年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，因为他们对核苷碱基修饰的发现，使研发出有效的新冠病毒mRNA疫苗成为可能。核苷碱基修饰是针对mRNA的“易容术”，以避免免疫细胞对人工合成的mRNA的监视和降解。当然，只有“易容术”是不够的，mRNA疫苗的成功，也离不开递送系统和对病毒基因序列的了解。mRNA技术有着更广阔的未来，不仅可用于预防病原体感染的疫苗，也可以用于癌症疫苗、基因编辑和细胞治疗。

关键词： mRNA技术; 核苷碱基修饰; 脂质体; 疫苗

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许瑶, 李可心, 赵连梅, 张洪涛 . mRNA技术荣获2023年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖[J]. 自然杂志, 2023 , 45(6) : 423 -428 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2023.06.004

Abstract

One of the most significant obstacles that mRNA must overcome on its path to become a drug or vaccine is the immune surveillance and degradation it faces. Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman won the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discovery of nucleoside base modifications, which enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19. Through these specialized modifications, synthetic mRNAs can avoid the monitoring and degradation by immune cells. Of course, the success of mRNA vaccines is inseparable from the delivery system (LNP) and the quick deciphering of the genetic sequence of the virus. Beyond vaccines preventing pathogen infections, mRNA technology also holds a broad prospect in fields like cancer vaccines, gene editing, and cell therapy.

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