人脑是一种高度互联的“超级网络”，支撑着感知、记忆、情感及意识等复杂功能。本文以现代通信系统为类比，阐释神经网络的基本架构，探究其功能紊乱如何引发多种神经系统疾病，并综述脑成像与脑机接口技术的最新进展。这些突破性技术正共同重塑我们对大脑的可视化方式、认知深度与交互范式。

The human brain functions as a highly interconnected “supernetwork” that supports perception, memory, emotion, and consciousness. Using the analogy of modern communication systems, this paper introduces the basic organization of neural networks, explores how their disruption leads to neurological diseases, and reviews recent advances in brain imaging and brain–computer interface technologies. Together, these developments are transforming how we visualize, understand, and interact with the brain.