芯片传感技术正推动医疗健康行业向全周期健康管理模式转型。本文系统综述面向生物体液监测、神经形态计算、无
创血糖检测以及高灵敏度生物磁成像等应用的芯片级传感系统研究进展。柔性可穿戴微流控芯片集成了电导、电容、热学等多种物理传感机制以及抗原-抗体、分子印迹聚合物等多样化的识别单元，实现对汗液流速及多种生物标志物浓度的实时无创检测。基于金属氧化物、低维材料和有机-无机杂化体系的神经形态芯片，构建感存算一体化与柔性可拉伸架构，以超低功耗模拟生物突触可塑性，支撑智能诊断与脑机接口应用。射频无源芯片利用石墨烯等高导电材料和谐波反向散射机制，实现无需电池的无线血糖监测。微机电系统(MEMS)磁传感器通过多层磁电异质结与微纳谐振结构的协同优化，在室温下检测皮特斯拉级的脑磁信号，为便携式脑磁图提供核心支撑。上述技术呈现出多模态融合、超低功耗与智能化的发展趋势。

Chip sensing technology is driving the healthcare industry toward a full-cycle health management model. This article
systematically reviews recent advances in chip-level sensing systems for applications such as bodily fluid monitoring, neuromorphic computing, non-invasive glucose detection, and high-sensitivity bio-magnetic imaging. Flexible wearable microfluidic chips integrate multiple physical sensing mechanisms—including conductivity, capacitance, and thermal sensing—along with diverse recognition units, such as antigen-antibody pairs and molecularly imprinted polymers, enabling real-time, non-invasive detection of sweat flow rate and biomarker concentrations. Neuromorphic chips based on metal oxides, low-dimensional materials, and organic–inorganic hybrid systems incorporate integrated sensing, memory, and computing functions within a flexible, stretchable architecture, emulating biological synaptic plasticity with ultra-low power consumption to support intelligent diagnostics and brain–computer interfaces. Radiofrequency (RF) passive chips leverage highly conductive materials,such as graphene and harmonic backscattering mechanisms to enable battery-free wireless glucose monitoring. Magnetoelectric micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) sensors achieve room-temperature detection of pico-tesla-level brain magnetic signals through synergistic optimization of multilayer magnetoelectric heterostructures and micro- and nano-resonant structures, providing core support for portable magnetoencephalography. These technologies collectively exhibit trends toward multimodal integration, ultra-low power consumption, and intelligent functionality.