海洋生物多样性是全球生物多样性的重要组成部分，中国具有丰富的海洋生物资源，也是生物多样性受威胁比较严重的国家之一，目前有记录的濒危海洋生物已达556种。作者综述了中国濒危海洋生物的现状及特点，分析造成海洋生物减少甚至濒危的因素，阐述了中国对濒危海洋生物和海洋生物多样性的保护措施，提出了保护海洋生物多样性和海洋环境可持续发展的对策及建议。

Marine biodiversity is the indispensible part of global biodiversity. Although China is abundant with marine biological resources, its biodiversity is seriously threatened. Recently, the number of endangered marine species on record has reached 556. The status quo and characteristics of the endangered marine species in China were summarized, the cause why marine organisms decrease or are even endangered was analyzed, and the protection measures of marine endangered species and marine diversity were expounded in China. A series of protection measures and suggestions was then put forward for marine biodiversity conservation and sustainable development of the marine environment.