20世纪下半叶，分子生物学取得迅猛发展，分子生物学酶的发现和应用在其中发挥了巨大的推动作用。DNA聚合酶、RNA聚合酶、逆转录酶、限制性内切酶和端粒酶等的鉴定和功能阐明拓展了对许多生命现象的理解和认识。这些酶的应用还衍生出重组DNA、桑格酶法测序和聚合酶链式反应等技术，在基因操作、DNA测序和扩增等方面具有广泛应用。通过介绍分子生物学酶的研究历程展现了酶的发现和应用对当代生命科学研究仍有重要意义。

In the last half of 20th century, molecular biology has made rapid development in life science. The discovery and application of molecular biology enzymes play an important role in promoting it. Several enzymes were identified and clarified including DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase, reverse transcriptase, restriction endonuclease, and telomerase. The progresses expand the understanding of many life phenomena. These enzymes also were used in molecular biology tecniques, known as recombinant DNA, Sanger sequencing and polymerase chain reaction, which have a variety of applications such as nucleic acid manipulation, DNA sequencing and amplification. In the paper, the history of researches on molecular biology enzymes was described to understand the
significance of these enzymes.