Abstract: Chip sensing technology is driving the healthcare industry toward a full-cycle health management model. This article
systematically reviews recent advances in chip-level sensing systems for applications such as bodily fluid monitoring, neuromorphic computing, non-invasive glucose detection, and high-sensitivity bio-magnetic imaging. Flexible wearable microfluidic chips integrate multiple physical sensing mechanisms—including conductivity, capacitance, and thermal sensing—along with diverse recognition units, such as antigen-antibody pairs and molecularly imprinted polymers, enabling real-time, non-invasive detection of sweat flow rate and biomarker concentrations. Neuromorphic chips based on metal oxides, low-dimensional materials, and organic–inorganic hybrid systems incorporate integrated sensing, memory, and computing functions within a flexible, stretchable architecture, emulating biological synaptic plasticity with ultra-low power consumption to support intelligent diagnostics and brain–computer interfaces. Radiofrequency (RF) passive chips leverage highly conductive materials,such as graphene and harmonic backscattering mechanisms to enable battery-free wireless glucose monitoring. Magnetoelectric micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) sensors achieve room-temperature detection of pico-tesla-level brain magnetic signals through synergistic optimization of multilayer magnetoelectric heterostructures and micro- and nano-resonant structures, providing core support for portable magnetoencephalography. These technologies collectively exhibit trends toward multimodal integration, ultra-low power consumption, and intelligent functionality.