Mt. Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world and the hot spot of studies on global climate and environmental change. Since the late 1950s, several scientific expeditions have been carried out in the Mt. Qomolangma region, and one in situ observational research station has been established. During the past 60 years, the climate has been warming continuously in the Mt. Qomolangma region, with the similar magnitude of temperature warming over the whole Tibetan Plateau. However, the trend of precipitation was not significant. Mt. Qomolangma region is concentrated with glaciers, which have been experiencing largely retreated. Consequently, the area of glacial-fed lakes expanded rapidly and the runoff increased, indicating the response of glaciers and hydrological processes to global warming. Under the impact of climate warming, the vegetation in the Mt. Qomolangma region has a tendency to become green. Since the industrial revolution, the Mt. Qomolangma region has been affected by the transboundary atmospheric pollutants, which has also highlighted the potential risk of secondary release of pollutants due to glacier melting.