Sirt1 is an NAD+ -dependent deacetylase, which can directly couple the metabolic state of cells with the regulation of chromatin structure and gene expression, which in turn affects the energy metabolism of various tissues and organs, such as regulating liver glycolipid metabolism, skeletal muscle protein metabolism, secretion function of pancreatic islet β cells and insulin sensitivity, differentiation of adipose tissue and brown remodeling of white fat, utilization of nutrients in the hypothalamus. However, these regulatory disturbances and molecular pathology of many metabolic diseases are closely related, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. This article systematically elaborates the role of Sirt1 in the body’s energy metabolism, aiming to provide a possible therapeutic target for related metabolic diseases.