The risk assessment and early warning of dairy quality and safety played an important role in the protection of dairy safety. In this review, three types of risk factors that affected the quality and safety of dairy products were classified and discussed, and the research on risk assessment of these three types of risk factors were discussed in details. Then, the concept and significance of dairy product safety risk early warning were reviewed. Finally, we summarized the key points and difficulties of risk assessment and early warning in dairy product safety supervision, and predicted to some new research directions in the future.