Photocatalytic technology can directly use low-energy-density sunlight to drive chemical reactions to realize the direct conversion of solar energy to high-density chemical energy to produce clean energy and industrial raw materials, and can also drive the degradation of pollutants and toxic substances to control environmental pollution. Although there have been more and more reports on the research and development of photocatalytic materials, they are still far from meeting the requirements of largescale applications in terms of catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability. In recent years, among many reported photocatalysts, twodimensional semiconductor materials have shown excellent catalytic performance and application prospects. This paper systematically summarizes the research status of two-dimensional semiconductor photocatalytic materials, and proposes future research and directions outlook.