Invited Special Paper

 DeepSeek: From probabilistic generation to causal reasoning

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  •  School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China 

Received date: 2025-02-27

  Online published: 2025-03-10

Abstract

 The emergence of DeepSeek R1 marks a historic paradigm shift in artificial intelligence research. This groundbreaking achievement overturns the long-held dogma of traditional AI systems reliant on probabilistic generation and pattern matching. Through the deep integration of chain-of-thought and reinforcement learning, it pioneers industrial-scale AI reasoning capabilities for the first time. Its innovative reasoning architecture not only dramatically reduces the cost of training specialized AI models but also demonstrates human-like chain-of-thought characteristics in complex tasks such as mathematical proofs and logical reasoning, driving a profound transformation from probabilistic generation to causal reasoning and ushering in a new era of AI technological development. This paper traces the evolutionary trajectory of the DeepSeek model series, highlights key innovations in its chain-of thought framework and model architecture, and concludes with a discussion on the safety implications of its chain-of-thought.

Cite this article

ZHAO Gejian, ZHANG Xinpeng .  DeepSeek: From probabilistic generation to causal reasoning[J]. Chinese Journal of Nature, 2025 , 47(2) : 79 -84 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2025.02.001

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