The sustainable development of nanotechnology requires the comprehensive understanding on the safety of nanomaterials. Since 2004, researches on the biological effects and safety evaluation of nanomaterials have been developing rapidly and grown to an interdisciplinary field, nanotoxicology. The safety issue of nanotechnology attracts the attentions of the academic, enterprise, government and public. The authors described the urgency and importance of safety evaluation on nanomaterials, and focused on the latest progress related to nano-product, workplace and environment. In addition, a brief discussion on the standardization in nanotechnology, the nano-ethics and the risk management of nanotechnology was presented.