Chronic pain is a global unmet medical need. Most available treatments are only partially effective or have side effects that limit their utilities. Rapid progress has been made to elucidate the contributions of specific genes to the chronic pain, suggesting possibility to advance pain pharmacotherapy. Focusing on voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.7 as an example, this article reviews recent progress in painpharmacogenomics, new development of disease models using patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived sensory neurons, as well as advances in structural modeling and electrophysiology recording.These new approaches will hopefully transform the treatment of pain from trial-and-error toward precision pharmacotherapy.