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25 December 2020, Volume 42 Issue 6
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Invited Special Paper
The secrets buried in the lunar soil are being exposed by the lunar rover Yutu-2
LIN Yangting
2020, 42(6): 433-440. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2020.06.001
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Chang’E-4 successfully landed on the farside of the Moon, starting a new era of the lunar exploration. The landing site located within the largest and oldest impact basin on the Moon, the South Pole-Aitken basin, where many secrets about the lunar interior’s composition and early impacting history were hided. The region has been suffered a long period of 3.6 billion years asteroidimpacting and solar wind implanting, producing a layer of more than 10 m thick lunar soil (regolith). The lunar rover Yutu-2 traveled on the surface of lunar regolith, conducting the in situ exploration along the track. It acquired high resolution stereo photos with the onboard cameras, determined the thickness of the regolith and beneath crater ejecta and buried lava flows with the lunar penetrating radar, and measured the compositions of the soil and boulders on the surface with the visible and near infrared spectrometer. The asteroid impacting history of the landing region and the lunar interior’s composition were decoded from these data.
Brief Introduction of Nobel Prize
The 2020 Nobel Physics Prize: Understanding the secrets in most dark place in our universe
WU Qingwen, WANG Dingxiong
2020, 42(6): 441-448. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2020.06.002
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The 2020 Nobel Prize in physics focuses on the black holes that are the most enigmatic objects in the Universe. The prize is awarded to a physicist and two astronomers, who found that the black holes can be formed within the theory of general relativity and the discovery of a supermassive compact object in the center of our galaxy. We introduce the history of black holes, the present and future research that related to the black holes.
Molecular biology technology promotes hepatitis C virus discovery and research: The thoughts of Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2020
LI Qingchao, ZHONG Jin
2020, 42(6): 449-455.
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A total of 71 million people in the world are estimated to have been infected by hepatitis C virus (HCV), and many of them are subject to develop liver cirrhosis or liver cancer. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2020 was awarded to Harvey J. Alter, Michael Houghton and Charles M. Rice for their outstanding contributions in “the discovery of hepatitis C virus”. The process of HCV research is no doubt a history of mankind’s victory in fighting against viruses. The application of molecular biology technology has played an instrumental role in many aspects, from the discovery of HCV to the successful development of antiviral drugs, which sets an excellent model for modern virology research.
CRISPR/Cas9, a new era of genome editing: A brief introduction to the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020
JIANG Yanhong, WU Yuxuan
2020, 42(6): 456-462. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2020.06.004
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The 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to two scientists for their discoveries of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and its molecular mechanisms. The CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology is regarded as one of the most important biological discoveries in the 21st century. Their discovery has led to widespread applications of the CRISPR-Cas9 system as a powerful and versatile tool in genome editing. Here, the development and application of the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology and the contributions of scientists are introduced.
Review Article
Skeletal muscle is an endocrine organ
LAI Minghui, XIAO Weihua
2020, 42(6): 463-470. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2020.06.005
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More and more researches suggest that, skeletal muscle as a power organ has powerful endocrine function. The cytokines or peptides secreted and released by skeletal muscle are called myokine. So far, hundreds of muscle factors have been discovered. These myokines exert biological effects through autocrine, paracrine or endocrine forms, which have important regulatory effects on skeletal muscle signal transduction and peripheral tissue and organ metabolism. Myokine provides a molecular link between muscle and other tissues and organs, and plays an important role in cell communication. By following the latest research progress, this article elaborates the characteristics and biological functions of the major myokines that have been identified according to their effects.
Influence of prohibitin 2 in mitochondrial mechanism of Parkinson’s disease
ZHANG Taiyu, FENG Hong
2020, 42(6): 471-474. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2020.06.006
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Parkinson’s disease, the second largest neurodegenerative disease, cannot be cured. Its pathogenesis is currently unclear. Prohibitin 2 participates in various biological processes such as apoptosis and maintaining the stability of mitochondrial morphology and function. The present review focuses on the relationship between prohibitin 2 and Parkinson’s disease, and then explores the role of prohibitin 2 in the mechanism of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease.
Exercise influences on body functions in cold environment
LIU Yufei, MENG Nijia, ZHAO Wenyan, WU Fengyu, LI Xiaolin
2020, 42(6): 475-478. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2020.06.007
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Exercise or training in cold environment has its unique characteristics of changes in body functions, such as body temperature regulation, cardiopulmonary function, immune system, neuroendocrine system, energy metabolism, endurance quality. We study the characteristics of all aspects of body functions in cold environment and make use of the effective role of exercise in cold environment to avoid their adverse effects, so as to complete the exercise and training much more effectively in cold environment.
Advance in non-drug therapy for irritable bowel syndrome
JIANG Fei, ZHANG Xin’an
2020, 42(6): 479-486. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2020.06.008
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Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common chronic disease of the digestive system. In recent years, the prevalence rate has been increasing, seriously affecting the quality of patients’ life. At present, the treatments of IBS include drug therapy and nondrug therapy. Drug therapy is mainly to relieve clinical symptoms, unable to achieve satisfactory results and if the situations are repeated with long-term use, they will not only increase the gastrointestinal burden of patients, causing nausea, vomiting and other adverse reactions, but also increase the economic burden of patients and the burden of medical institutions. As a safe and effective treatment, non-drug therapy was attracted increasing attentions from scholars, opening up a new path for clinical treatment of IBS. This article has reviewed the exercise therapy, psychotherapy, diet therapy, probiotics therapy and acupuncture therapy related to IBS in recent years, providing theoretical and practical basis for the further exploration of scientific treatment of IBS.
Regulation of Sirt1 on energy metabolism
WANG Fan, LIU Yiping
2020, 42(6): 487-493. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2020.06.009
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Sirt1 is an NAD+ -dependent deacetylase, which can directly couple the metabolic state of cells with the regulation of chromatin structure and gene expression, which in turn affects the energy metabolism of various tissues and organs, such as regulating liver glycolipid metabolism, skeletal muscle protein metabolism, secretion function of pancreatic islet β cells and insulin sensitivity, differentiation of adipose tissue and brown remodeling of white fat, utilization of nutrients in the hypothalamus. However, these regulatory disturbances and molecular pathology of many metabolic diseases are closely related, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. This article systematically elaborates the role of Sirt1 in the body’s energy metabolism, aiming to provide a possible therapeutic target for related metabolic diseases.
Progress
Research progress on risk assessment and early warning of dairy product quality and safety
CHEN Jiahui, YANG Qiaoling, NIU Bing, CHEN Qin
2020, 42(6): 494-498. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2020.06.010
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The risk assessment and early warning of dairy quality and safety played an important role in the protection of dairy safety. In this review, three types of risk factors that affected the quality and safety of dairy products were classified and discussed, and the research on risk assessment of these three types of risk factors were discussed in details. Then, the concept and significance of dairy product safety risk early warning were reviewed. Finally, we summarized the key points and difficulties of risk assessment and early warning in dairy product safety supervision, and predicted to some new research directions in the future.
The battle and pathogenic intervention between plant and soilborne pathogens
GAO Feng, GUO Huishan
2020, 42(6): 499-504. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2020.00.001
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Plants are the essential material basis for human survival. Plant diseases caused by soilborne pathogens are the most limiting factor and threat to plant health. In order to lay a theoretical foundation for the sustainable control of soilborne fungal disease, our research group has been studying the interaction between cotton and Verticillium dahliae, the most notorious soilborne pathogenic fungus causing wilt disease, and exploited cotton-V. dahliae as a model system to study the molecular mechanism of plant-soilborne fungus interaction. In this review, we brief introduce the basic concepts and the status on prevention of plant soilborne fungal diseases. We also summarize our progress in studying cotton-V. dahliae interaction from basic research to application and transformation in the last decade, and envisage prospect in the future work on plant protection against soilborne disease.
Portrait
Research pioneer and teaching master: Academician Chien Weizang as I knew
CHEN Liqun
2020, 42(6): 505-508. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2020.06.011
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Chien Weizang, academic achievement, teaching practice, teaching idea
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