Chinese Journal of Nature

A research progress of thermo-perception and thermo-responses in rice

KAN Yi, LIN Hongxuan

2022, 44(6): 411-421. doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2022.06.001

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Global warming threatens food security, and rice is vulnerable to high temperatures, especially at reproductive stage. Plants perceive high temperatures and activate downstream responses in different levels, including disruptions in membrane fluidity, protein homeostasis and reactive oxygen species homeostasis. Rice responds to high temperature in different subcellular structures (cell membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplast) and different physiological and biochemical processes (nucleic acid, protein, metabolism). Natural alleles are more convenient for agricultural production, among which TT1 (Thermotolerance 1), TT2 and TT3 are three indispensable natural alleles conferring rice thermotolerance respectively via cytotoxic protein elimination, calcium signaling-mediated wax metabolism and membrane-chloroplast signaling. Therefore, it is of great significance to mine natural alleles of thermotolerance and clarify the mechanism of thermo-perception and thermo-responses, providing a theoretical basis for breeding thermotolerant varieties in crops.

Probe and control of attosecond ultrafast dynamics in molecules

ZUO Zitan, JIANG Wenyu, XU Yidan, TONG Jihong, HAN Lulu, XU Liming, GONG Xiaochun, WU Jian

2022, 44(6): 422-431. doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2022.06.002

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The advanced technique of few-cycle femtosecond laser pulse and table-top extreme ultraviolet attosecond pulse provides an opportunity to investigate real-time dynamics of electrons and nucleuses in atoms or molecules from femtosecond to attosecond time scale. Based on the fundamental attosecond metrologies of reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transition, attosecond streaking camera, attoclock and attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, we summarize the latest progress
upon the ultrafast photoionization and dissociation process in molecules including the ultrafast dynamics of electron transition, charge
transfer, electronic correlation effect and electron-nucleivibronic coupling.

The development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry: A brief introduction to the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2022

LI Suhua

2022, 44(6): 432-442. doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2022.06.003

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The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2022 was awarded to Carolyn R. Bertozzi, Morten Meldal and K. Barry Sharpless for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry. The development history, typical works and key contributors in this area were briefly introduced in this article.

Advances in paleogenomics and human origin and evolution: Interpretation of the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine#br#

JI Zhi, WANG Chuanchao

2022, 44(6): 443-454. doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2022.06.004

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The winner of the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is Svante Pääbo, a renowned biologist and evolutionary geneticist. He has made great contributions to the study of human evolution by studying the genomes of extinct hominids. This article introduces Pääbo and his team’s discoveries on Neanderthals and Denisovans, as well as the 30-year advances in ancient DNA.

The road of quantum entanglement: from Einstein to 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics

SHI Yu

2022, 44(6): 455-465. doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2022.06.005

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We explain the achievements awarded by 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics, as well as the preceding and the later developments, review the main notions and historic cornerstones of Bell inequalities and related researches on quantum entanglement, and explain the key physical ideas.

Application of two-dimensional materials in artificial intelligence

ZHU Hongwei

2022, 44(6): 466-468. doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2022.06.006

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Two-dimensional materials are the most preferred candidates for neuromorphic devices with low power consumption, miniaturization and large-scale integration. In this paper, the recent progress, advantages and problems of the application of twodimensional materials in artificial intelligence are briefly reviewed, and future development trends are prospected.

Challenges and hopes in obesity intervention

ZHANG Yankang, ZHANG Ting, LI Yu, MA Xinran, XU Lingyan

2022, 44(6): 469-479. doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2022.03.012

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Obesity is characterized by the excess accumulation of fat caused by long-term imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. Obesity becomes a major public health problem with increasing prevalence worldwide. Obesity is the major risk factor for various diseases including diabetes, fatty liver, cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer, which cause serious health consequences and limits human healthspan and lifespan. Nonetheless, current therapeutic interventions are still lacking due to limited efficacy or potential adverse effects. Therefore, it is imperative to obtain deeper mechanistic understandings and novel intervention strategies for obesity. Here, we comprehensively discuss the leading causes, intervention ways, existing problems and future perspective for better understanding and treating obesity. Overall, although it is still a major challenge, promising ways for weight control are emerging.

A brief history of RNA research: from insignificant to significant

GUO Xiaoqiang , LI Yanyi

2022, 44(6): 480-490. doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2022.03.008

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