Loading...
中文

Table of Content

    25 April 2025, Volume 47 Issue 2
    Previous Issue   
    Invited Special Paper
     DeepSeek: From probabilistic generation to causal reasoning
    ZHAO Gejian, ZHANG Xinpeng
    2025, 47(2):  79-84.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2025.02.001
    Asbtract ( 625 )   PDF (1555KB) ( 1290 )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
     The emergence of DeepSeek R1 marks a historic paradigm shift in artificial intelligence research. This groundbreaking achievement overturns the long-held dogma of traditional AI systems reliant on probabilistic generation and pattern matching. Through the deep integration of chain-of-thought and reinforcement learning, it pioneers industrial-scale AI reasoning capabilities for the first time. Its innovative reasoning architecture not only dramatically reduces the cost of training specialized AI models but also demonstrates human-like chain-of-thought characteristics in complex tasks such as mathematical proofs and logical reasoning, driving a profound transformation from probabilistic generation to causal reasoning and ushering in a new era of AI technological development. This paper traces the evolutionary trajectory of the DeepSeek model series, highlights key innovations in its chain-of thought framework and model architecture, and concludes with a discussion on the safety implications of its chain-of-thought.
     Research progress on odor gas monitoring technologies
    GAO Song, JIAO Zheng, WU Keshi, REN Yong, DU Tianjun, LIU Wenqing
    2025, 47(2):  85-94.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2025.01.010
    Asbtract ( 816 )   PDF (2406KB) ( 265 )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
     Odor pollution has been an environmental issue in the process of global urbanization. Effectively monitoring and identifying  malodorous gases is a critical topic in the fields for environmental management and public health. This paper reviews the current status and development of monitoring technologies for odor. It identifies the sources, physical and chemical properties as well as odor-causing mechanisms of inorganic and organic types of odor gases. Various monitoring technologies are introduced, including sensors, e-nose, mass spectrum and environmental optics. The advantages, disadvantages, and applicable scenarios of each technology are analyzed. Challenges such as monitoring accuracy, sensitivity, sensor selection, environmental interference, cost feasibility, and real-time data processing are also discussed. With the continuous advancement of materials science, artificial intelligence, and system integration technology, monitoring technologies for odor will become more efficient, accurate, and intelligent. They will provide solid technical support for environmental protection and public health.
    Review Article
     Lego Blocks of Tissues Hypothesis on the explosive radiation of Cambrian metazoans on the Earth
    ZHANG Zhifei, HU Yazhou, LIANG Yue, LIU Fan, LUO Mei, ZHANG Caibin, WANG Zhao
    2025, 47(2):  95-115.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2025.02.003
    Asbtract ( 229 )   PDF (107457KB) ( 184 )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    This paper argues that the Cambrian explosion did not only signify a rapid phylogenetic radiation of many kinds of multicellular metazoans on the Earth, but also created the first Animal Consumer-Driven Marine Ecosystem on the Earth. Since then, the Earth’s ecosystem has transformed from the Precambrian Bacteria-algae (producers and decomposers) supported Preliminary Evolutionary Ecosystem to the first Animal Consumer-driven Primary Evolutionary Ecosystem with complex trophic webs (producers, decomposers and consumers) on the Earth. On the basis of earlier studies, this paper emphasizes that the macro evolution of early life on the Earth can be divided into three stages: molecular level evolution, cellular level evolution and tissue level evolution based on the organismal hierarchical level of living organisms and its geological background. The three evolutionary stages led respectively to the origin of prokaryotes, protists and multicellular Metazoa (animal kingdom). Based on this framework, the Cambrian explosion is viewed as the inevitable outcome of the organization of protozoan cell clusters and reinterprets the new Lego Blocks of Tissues Hypothesis of the Cambrian explosion. At the end of Ediacaran, the weakening of the Earth’s magnetic field, increased radiation and the oxidation of seawater provided the environmental background for the evolution of animal tissues. At the same time, the origin of animal tissues provided the material basis for the differentiation of animal organ systems and the evolution of body configuration, and accelerated the explosive emergence and rapid radiation of multi-phyla and higher-order animal phyla.
    Radiodonta: Unraveling the evolutionary mysteries of Cambrian marine apex predators
    WU Yu, FU Dongjing, ZHANG Xingliang
    2025, 47(2):  116-12.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2024.06.011
    Asbtract ( 259 )   PDF (4462KB) ( 260 )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
     Radiodonta, emblemized by the iconic Anomalocaris, represents a clade of rather primitive arthropods that thrived in the Cambrian period and served as top predators in the marine ecosystem of that time. They are crucial for understanding the origin and evolution of arthropods, as well as the early Earth's ecosystems. Here we provide a brief review regarding the research progress of radiodonts, including research history, evolutionary relationships, growth and ontogeny, biogeography, and macroevolutionary, as well as prospects for future research.
     Origin and evolution of bodyplans of ecdysozoans during the Cambrian explosion#br#
    WANG Deng, HAN Jian, GUO Junfeng, QIANG Yaqin
    2025, 47(2):  125-133.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2025.02.004
    Asbtract ( 143 )   PDF (4050KB) ( 143 )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
     Ecdysozoans are a group of invertebrates that can periodically shed and replace the body epidermis. They are the most diverse and abundant taxa in the animal kingdom, and successfully occupy various ecological niches in the Earth’s biosphere. The extant Ecdysozoa contain eight phyla, which can be divided into two main groups in terms of bodyplans: one is the vermiformic Ecdysozoans showing introvert-trunk differentiation, mouth and anus; the other is the Panarthropoda bearing with segmented trunk with paired appendages. Recent studies have found that the microfossil Saccorhytida, which has a sac-like body with a ventral mouth but no anus, represent a more primitive body configuration of early molting animals. The Panarthropoda is the most advanced in comparison with vermiformic Ecdysozoans and Saccorhytida. All three body plans (sac-type, vermiformis type and limb-bearing type) emerged during the Cambrian explosion and evolved independently.
    Portrait
    Progress
    Relationship between spatial and temporal distribution and climatic evolution of Middle Holocene sites in northern Shanxi region
    LI Lian, TIAN Qingchun, GUO Lei, CAO Weiming
    2025, 47(2):  139-146.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2024.03.015
    Asbtract ( 132 )   PDF (10216KB) ( 226 )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
      Based on ArcGIS10.8 software and combined with the nearest neighbor index and kernel density analysis, the spatial and temporal evolution of 546 sites in the Middle Holocene in the northern Shanxi region of China was studied. The results show that: during the Yangshao Culture period, the sites were concentrated along the Yellow River in the western part of the study area; during the Longshan Culture period, the number of sites surged and their distribution expanded, with the most concentrated distribution of sites in the Xinding basin; during the Xia and Shang periods, the number of sites decreased and their density diminished, with a significant decrease in the number of sites in the Datong Basin, concentrating in the Xinding Basin. Although the degree of warmth and humidity declined during the Longshan Culture period, the Longshan Culture gradually prospered due to the advancement of agricultural technology and the diversification of subsistence economy, and the ability of human beings to adapt to environmental changes. 4.0 ka BP and around the time of the climatic extremes led to the downward trend of precipitation and temperature, the reduction of cultivated land area, and tensions over human-land relations, which further triggered the social unrest, resulting in the sudden decrease of the number of sites in the Xia and Shang Dynasties and the decline of the culture.
    Impact of mountainous runoff in the Ili River basin and its response to climate change
    XI Haiyang, XU Baorong, HUANG Farong, YANG Yuzhong, CHEN Yapeng, LU Zhixia, QI Shi, SONG Fei, CHEN Yuqing, QU Linbo
    2025, 47(2):  147-156.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2024.05.014
    Asbtract ( 295 )   PDF (9371KB) ( 322 )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    The Ili River basin is a relatively abundant inland river basin in terms of runoff. Runoff in the mountainous areas of the Ili River basin is mainly influenced by factors such as climate, snow cover, glaciers, permafrost, and vegetation. In recent years, with the warming of the global climate, the region has seen an increase in winter temperatures, which may change the patterns of precipitation, leading to increased winter runoff while reducing summer runoff. The glaciers in the Ili River basin are diminishing, which could possibly increase the volume of runoff in the short term, but is expected to lead to a decrease in runoff over the long term. In recent years, there has been a reduction in the snow water equivalent from January to March in the region, which affects the summer base flow and the distribution of runoff. Moreover, the rise in temperature has led to changes in the meltwater from snow cover, increasing the uncertainty of runoff. The degradation of permafrost affects the replenishment of groundwater and the pathways of runoff, while the degradation of vegetation increases surface runoff and decreases subsurface runoff, causing greater seasonal fluctuations in river flow. Therefore, the impact of climate change on the runoff of the Ili River basin is multifaceted, and the future changes in runoff will be more complex.
[an error occurred while processing this directive]