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25 April 2010, Volume 32 Issue 2
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Invited Special Paper
A Brief Introduction of Human Evolution
WU Xin-Zhi
2010, 32(2): 63.
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The author gives a brief introduction of a series of human fossils such as Orrorin，Sahelanthropus，Ardipithecus，Australopithcine，Kenyanthropus，H. habilis， H. rudolfensis，human fossils from Dmanisi，H. erectus, Meganthropus， H. floresiensis， H. heidelbergensis in Europe，Neanderthals， H. ergaster, H. rhodensiensis etc. In this article, the main morphological characters of H. erectus of China are described and other human fossils in China are briefly introduced. The author shows the human stature tended to increase before two million years ago after which this tendency stopped. The increasing tendency of brain volume persisted in the whole length of human evolution. The development of the material and spiritual lifes of hominid is also discussed.
Portraits
The Father of Medical Genetics: Victor Almon McKusick
Guo-Xiao-Jiang-
2010, 32(2): 66.
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Invited Special Paper
The Third Generation of Calculus
ZHANG Jing-Zhong;FENG Yong
2010, 32(2): 67.
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Calculus has been developing for almost three hundreds years. It was first introduced by Newton and Leibniz. Without the basis of rigorous theory, it was ambiguous, which is called the first generation of calculus. Later, it was established on the concept of limit in a rigorous and abstract way, called the second generation of calculus. However, it is difficult to understand for most beginners. In this paper, we introduce two concepts of function A and function B, on which a new calculus is built in a rigorous and simple way. The new calculus is called the third generation of calculus. Due to its basis being elementary mathematics, the difficulty of its teaching and learning is reduced greatly. In addition, it is expected that this new calculus will have a profound influence on mechanization of calculus.
Major Catastrophes on the Scales of Celestial Objects: Episodes in the Evolutionary Course of the Solar System
ZHAO Jun-Liang
2010, 32(2): 72.
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Review Article
Environmental Concentrations and Transform Mechanisms of Steroid Estrogens
WU Ming-Hong;REN Lai-Tang;XU Gang;GUO Rui-Yun
2010, 32(2): 76.
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Invited Special Paper
Radiation Technology Applied in Environmental Field
WU Ming-hong;BO Ting-Ting;XU Gang;GUO Rui-Yun
2010, 32(2): 80.
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Review Article
Abnormal Groundwater Chemistry and Endemic Disease
Shen-Zhao-Li;GUO Hua-Ming;XU Gang;WANG Cui-Po
2010, 32(2): 83.
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Abnormality of groundwater chemistry is a worldwide environmental issue. Longterm digestion of groundwater with abnormal chemical components adversely affects human health, resulting in various endemic diseases. Arsenicosis and fluorosis are typical endemic diseases in China. High As groundwater and high F- groundwater are the primary causes for these diseases, respectively. Those groundwaters occur in aridsemiarid inland basin with the special hydrogeochemical conditions, where the groundwater flow is very slow and the evaporation is strong. The waters, mainly HCO3Na type, are weak alkaline. Concentrations of As and F- are major factors controlling prevalence rates of arsenicosis and fluorosis, respectively. Besides, other groundwater components, habitant nutrition and diet are related to the incidence of the endemic diseases. Since little is known concerning pathogenesis of the diseases, intermultidiscipline studies should be carried out to fix the issues.
Seismic Groundwater Monitoring and Earthquake Prediction
WANG Guang-Cai;SHEN Zhao-Li
2010, 32(2): 90.
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Though visible groundwater anomalies have been noticed in wells and springs before and during earthquakes for thousands of years, it has been proven that precursory groundwater anomaly occurring before some earthquakes may not appear prior to some others; on the other hand, precursory groundwater anomaly which occurred at previous earthquakes appears newly in some areas but may not accompany with new earthquakes. It shows that the relation of groundwater anomalies to earthquakes is complex. Seismic groundwater regime monitoring is aimed at acquiring groundwater physical and chemical changes and providing basic information for studies on the relation of groundwater to earthquakes. Monitoring is not only a technique but also a kind of science. Some scientific and technological issues such as monitoring network optimization need to be further studied. It remains difficult to identify seismic precursor from groundwater anomalies and to link groundwater anomalies with earthquakes temporally and spatially.
Progress
Control and Application of Annealing Twins in Metallic Materials：Grain Boundary Engineering
XIA Shuang;LI Hui;ZHOU Bang-Xin;CHEN Wen-Jiao
2010, 32(2): 94.
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Annealing twins is a common microstructure in face centered cubic metallic materials with low stacking fault energy. Craftsman makes speckled copper artworks by forging and high temperature heat treatment. However, they do not know the metallurgical theory behind the processing. Actually, the speckles in the copper artworks are the coarse annealing twins as a result of abnormal grain growth. With the development of modern metallurgy technique, people emphasized more on the microstructure control to obtain desired bulk properties. Twininduced grain boundary engineering is one of such technique to control and use the annealing twins.
The Macro characteristics and Distinguish of Seismic Traces on the Marine Strata
LIANG Ding-Yi;NIE Ze-Tong;SONG Zhi-Min;ZHAO Chong-He
2010, 32(2): 101.
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History of Natural Science
Trace the Origin of Modern Observatories in China
LIN Qing
2010, 32(2): 106.
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Invited Special Paper
Value Human Life and Attach Importance to Climate
HU Han
2010, 32(2): 112.
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Science and Culture
About the Suggestion of Zu Chongzhi’s day
WANG Zhen-Dong
2010, 32(2): 116.
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Natural Forum
The Great Monument in the History of Science：Congratulating the Publication of Chinese Version of Collected Papers of Albert Einstein (Volumes 1-8)
YANG Jian-Ye
2010, 32(2): 118.
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1038
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