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中文

Table of Content

    25 August 2010, Volume 32 Issue 4
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    Invited Special Paper
    Evolution Characteristics and Trend of Droughts and Floods in China Under the Background of Global Warming
    HUANG Rong-Hui;DU Zhen-Cai
    2010, 32(4):  187-195. 
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    Climatic disaster of droughts and floods is one of the most heavy natural disasters in China. It not only has wide distributions and high occurring frequency, but also can cause huge economical losses in China. The studies show that with the global warming, the interannual and interdecadal variabilities of droughts and floods in China become increasingly significant, which is due to the variabilities of the East Asian monsoon climate system including seaairland interaction. Moreover, the future evolution trend of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) precipitation for various periods of the 21th century under A1B emission scenary is predicted using IPCCAR4 22 coupled models. The results show that under the background of global warming, the interannual variability of EASM precipitation will be intensified, especially the summer precipitation in North China and South China will become strong from the middle period of the 21th century, which can cause the increase of flood disasters in these regions.
    Status and Prospect of Biomass Energy Utilization
    LIN Zong-Hu
    2010, 32(4):  196-201. 
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    Biomass energy is a kind of energy existing in biomass. It is clean sustanable and renewable and its resource is abundant. The CO2 gas produced in the process of its utilization is nearly equal to the CO2 gas absorbed in the growing process of plants. At the same time, plants can play an important role of protecting and improving the environment. Therefore the development and utilization of biomass energy are greatly attended by the whole world. In this paper, status and prospect of biomass energy are presented.
    Key wordsbiomass energy, utilization of biomass energy
    Review Article
    Climatology： Past, Present and Future
    GAO Deng-Yi
    2010, 32(4):  207-212. 
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    Since the concept of climatic system has been advanced in 1970s, the climatology has had a great variation in research. The modern climatology is called for the climatic research after 1970s and the past climatology is before 1970s in this paper. The author thinks that the future climatology should be from the astroclimatology to the cosmic climatology. As the undecidedness of the climate change and its forecast the mankind must be suitable to the climate change for sustainable development.
     
    My View of Global Warming and Climate Extremes
    ZHANG De-Er
    2010, 32(4):  213-216. 
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    The author believed that the current global warming is likely to be climate change on a centurial scale, including therein several annualdecadal scales as secondary warm and cold waves. The severe cold winter in 2009/2010 may be a variation at an annual scale and hence unable to modify the global warming trend on a centurial basis. In recent years, China has witnessed rare heat waves, regional severe droughts and storm rainfall, with their strengths higher than the previous events. But it is unlikely to attribute each to global warming. Concurrent with the quick warming worldwide in the past 60 years the trends of temperature in China are similar to those in other parts of the world but the regional differences in precipitation and drought are pronounced in the country. Also, the number of landing typhoons and the frequency of intense sandstorms are on the decrease, whose observations do not indicate the increasing trends both in number and intensity in association with global warming. The author maintains that the increase in climate sensitivity of economic growth is the principal cause of increased climate disasters and loss. Thus, both seeking advantages and avoiding disadvantages should be taken into consideration in face of climate change.
    Invited Special Paper
    Research Progress on New Type Organic Contaminants—Chlorinated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
    WU Ming-Hong;LI Gang;MA Jing;XU Gang;GUO Rui-Yun
    2010, 32(4):  217. 
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    Chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (ClPAHs) is a kind of halogenated organic pollutions in urban atmospheric. As a new type of organic pollutants, ClPAHs has the similar toxic effect with the dioxin and widely exists in the environmental media, which poses a potential threat to the ecological environment and human health. The current situation and latest research progress of ClPAHs on toxic effect, formation mechanism, the source of ClPAHs, contamination level, and environmental behaviors are presented in this paper.
     
    Progress
    Ecological Behavior and Sound Signals of Pygoscelis adeliae in Breading Seson, Antarctic
    FAN Zhen-Gang
    2010, 32(4):  224-228. 
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       Pygoscelis adeliae is a dominant species of penguins in Antarctic. In the paper,  the acoustic behavior and sound signals of the Pygoscelis adeliae are studied. The pulse width of the juvenile penguin is 2.2~14.2 ms and mainly concentrates on 2~5 ms. The pulse interval is 0.2~1.1 ms and mainly concentrates on 0.7 ms. The pulse frequency is 629~4 294 Hz; and mainly concentrates on 3~4 kHz.  When the juvenile penguin looks food, the pulse width is 24.9~40.8 ms; the pulse interval is 0.2~35.9 ms; the pulse frequency is 262~4 636 Hz; and the spectrum energy in this frequency concentrates on 3~3.5 kHz.  When they come back nest, the penguin sound call signals, the pulse width mainly concentrates on 5~9 ms; the pulse interval is changeable from 1.9 ms to 36 ms; the pulse frequcency is 253~4 758 Hz, and mainly concentrates on 1 kHz.  When two penguins live together, they sound call signals that is mixed. The pulse frequency is 741~2 342 Hz, the spectrum energy in this frequency concentrates on 1~2 kHz. When two penguins live together, they sound signals and dance each other at the same time.
    History of Natural Science
    Natural Forum
    Gravitational Lensing and Detection of Dark Matter
    SU Yi
    2010, 32(4):  236-238. 
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    According to the general theory of relativity, gravitational lensing occurs when light from the distant objects is distorted and magnified in a strong gravitational field. Many examples of gravitational lensing, including Einstein rings, have been discovered since 1980. Thanks to gravitational lensing, today's astronomers can catch sight of celestial bodies that are too far away to be observed. 700 000 years past after the Big Bang, the universe lasted next 400—500 million years when it was in dark, with the matters homogeneous in general. There were not any objects that shone. When did stars begin to emit light? From gravitational lensing, astronomers have got some information about it. Dark matter, one of two dark clouds called in 21st century, is over 4 times in mass more than whole matter we have ever known, and radiate nothing, so it is impossible to be detected directly. By means of gravitational lensing, however, we can obtain the evidence to prove the presence of such dark matter and analyze the space distribution.
    Science Review
    Exciting EXPO, Wonderful Science
    XU Han
    2010, 32(4):  239-242. 
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    Science and Culture
    Von Kármán and  Karman Vortex Street
    WANG Zhen-Dong
    2010, 32(4):  243-245. 
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    Portraits
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