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Table of Content

    25 December 2017, Volume 39 Issue 6
    Invited Special Paper
    Exploring the basic structure of material: Introduction to neutrinos and CEPC
    WANG Yifang, RUAN Manqi
    2017, 39(6):  391-400.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2017.06.001
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    We made a brief introduction to the particle physics, including its scientific objective, experimental methodology, current status and explicitly the Standard Model. We explained why the searching for Beyond Standard Model signal is of key importance for nowadays’ physics research. The first experimental evidence of the Beyond Standard Model signal, the neutrino oscillation, is discussed in details. Meanwhile, we discussed intensively the Higgs boson, which serves as an extremely sensitive probe to the new physics signal. The particle physics experimental facilities are briefly summarized in this manuscript, especially the Beijing Electron Positron Collider and the proposed Circular Electron Positron Collider. For the latter, we demonstrated its physics reach, physics potential, and described its synergy with industrial technology innovation.

    Brief Introduction of Nobel Prize
    The stories inside and behind gravitational wave: A brief introduction to the Nobel Prize in Physics 2017
    ZHANG Shuangnan
    2017, 39(6):  401-410.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2017.06.002
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    On October 3rd, 2017, it was announced that the Nobel Prize in Physics 2017 was divided, one half awarded to Rainer Weiss, the other half jointly to Barry C. Barish and Kip S. Thorne “for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves”. In this article, I shall try to answer the following questions: What is this scientific discovery? What is its relationship with the development of modern physics? What is its relationship with Einstein? Is gravitational wave useful? Is there any way to shield gravitational waves? What is the future of the detection of and research on gravitational waves? What are the future programs of gravitational wave detection in China?

    Biological clock, the gene and environment-determined behavior: A brief introduction to the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2017
    YU Qiang
    2017, 39(6):  411-416.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2017.06.003
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    The 2017 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine was awarded to three scientists from the United States, Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young, for their discoveries of genes and molecular mechanisms of the biological clock of fruit flies. The biological clock, also called circadian rhythm, is any biological process that oscillates with a period of about 24 hours. It is a common and basic phenomenon of lives in nature. The discoveries of clock genes and the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of the clock shed lights on the understanding of the nature of life, particularly the relationships among genes, behaviors, and environments, and provide the bases for applications of the principles of the biological clock in our life.

    Cryo-EM in the past 40 years: A brief introduction to the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017
    LI Chengmin
    2017, 39(6):  417-426.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2017.06.004
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    Electron microscopes have a high resolving power to reveal the details of the micro world and are used to investigate the ultrastructure of a wide range of biological specimens. However, they were long believed to not suitable for imaging biological specimens to achieve high resolution structures, because the powerful electron beam would destroy biological material and some other challenges, until the advent of cryo-electron microscopy. In this paper, we briefly reviewed the history and methodological development of electron microscopy and cryo-electron microscopy in biological specimens.

    Nobel Prize in superconductivity research
    LUO Huiqian
    2017, 39(6):  427-436.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2017.06.005
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    Superconductivity has been the frontier research area in condensed matter physics for more than one hundred years. At least, there are 5 Nobel Prizes in Physics awarded to superconductivity research, and about 10 laureates. More impressively, Chinese scientists have been making more and more important contributions to the superconductivity research, especially for recent leading studies on iron-based superconductors. Here, we will learn about the stories from these Nobel laureates, and introduce the importance of superconductors. Further possible Nobel prizes in superconductivity will be also discussed.

    Progress
    Study on drug situation analysis and detection methods
    XIE Qiwen, HUANG Dun, LI Jin, YANG Liangbao, MENG Juan
    2017, 39(6):  437-444. 
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    The drug problem is a global scourge. Although all over the world is struggling to crack down on drugs, drug manufacturing, trafficking and abuse remain endemic. For traditional drugs, once addicted, it is difficult to quit. At present, there are many types of drug detection method, but few are fast detection methods. Surface enhancement Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technology owns some advantages due to fingerprint identification, less sample consumption and fast detection speed, which will play an important role in the field of drug test and drugged driving.

    Natural Forum
    The source of inflation
    CAI Qingyu
    2017, 39(6):  445-448. 
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    The standard cosmological model says that the universe originates from the Big Bang, including an accelerating expanding process called inflation. The vacuum inflation model states that the universe comes from a small vacuum bubble derived the quantum effects of its own. A mathematical proof is given for the inflation of vacuum which may be tested by the future observation on the cosmic microwave background.

    Science Review
    From spectators to new activists
    GUNA Yi
    2017, 39(6):  449-456.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2017.06.008
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    Science and Art
    Nature, Periodicals Agency, Shanghai
    LIN Fengsheng
    2017, 39(6):  457-462.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2017.06.009
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    Does brain trauma stimulate people’s artistic creativity?--The legend of inventor Eadweard J. Muybridge

    Portraits
    Arrow’s impossibility theorem and the problem of non-contradictory social choice
    HU Yuda
    2017, 39(6):  463-466. 
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    This paper is written in remembrance of K. J. Arrow, Nobel Laureate in Economics of 1972, who died on the 21st of February, 2017 for his important contribution to the theory of social choice, particularly his eponymous impossibility theorem.

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