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Table of Content

    25 December 2009, Volume 31 Issue 6
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    Invited Special Paper
    Major Catastrophes on the Scales of Celestial Objects：Comet Collision with Jupiter and Extinction of Dinosaurs
    ZHAO Jun-Liang
    2009, 31(6):  315. 
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    In the solar system, collisions of minor celestial objects, such as comets and asteroids, with the Earth and other planets or satellites and even minor planets led to very serious, even catastrophic effects on the Earth and other objects during their evolution histories. So, such catastrophic evens have become one of the very important issues for astronomers, some of which will be briefly introduced in these serial papers, starting from the Comet SL9 Collision with Jupiter in July 1994 and Extinction of Dinosaurs happened some 65 million years ago.
    Modern Genetics and Biotechnology of Soybean Nitrogen Fixation and Nodulation
    Peter M. Gresshoff; Brett J. Ferguson; Arief Indrasumunar; JIANG Qun-Yi
    2009, 31(6):  320. 
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    Soybean (Glycine max) is a major crop plant important for food supply and animal feed. Belonging to the legume family, it enters a complex symbiosis with soil bacteria called rhizobia, which results in the formation of a new root organ, the nodule. In this fascinating new organ the plantimprisoned rhizobia convert atmospheric nitrogen gas to valuable nitrogen fertiliser. Careful microbiology has isolated bacterial strains that help final seed yields as seen in Brazil. Modern genetics, biotechnology, physiology, biochemistry and genomics now have allowed the isolation of critical genes for the formation of the nodule. Together these studies indicate a novel molecular mechanism for the induction and subsequent control of cell division. Our research group has cloned the genes of two key soybean receptors for the rhizobial nodulation factor signal as well as molecular components of a complex roottoshoottoroot signaling loop involving peptide hormones, receptor kinases and small signaling metabolites. The findings suggest a new age of soybean improvement allowing for increased soybean yields and stress tolerance.
    Brief Introduction of Nobel Prize
    Telomere, Telomerase and Its Potential Relationship with Aging, Cancer：A Brief Introduction to the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009
    KONG Lian-Beng;WONG Hua-Jiao
    2009, 31(6):  327. 
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    The Nobel Prize in Psysiology or Medicine 2009 was awarded to American scientist Elizabeth Blackburn, Carol Greider and Jack Szostak, this is because they found that “chromosome is how the protection of telomere and telomerase”, and unveiled the results of this study of human aging and cancer incidence of physiological and pathological phenomena of life. In this paper, telomere and telomerase discovery, structure and function and its close association with human aging, cancer have done a brief introduction.
    Invited Special Paper
    The Revolution of Image: A Brief Introduction to the Nobel Prize in Physics 2009
    WANG Jin-Jiang;WANG Qing-you
    2009, 31(6):  332. 
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    Brief Introduction of Nobel Prize
    The Great Journey of the Ribosome Research: 2009’s Nobel Prize in Chemistry
    LING Zhi-Xiang;LIU Wang-Yi
    2009, 31(6):  337. 
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    ]The 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to two American scientists Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas A. Steitz and the Israel female scientist Ada E. Yonath for their Xray diffraction analysis of the structure and function of ribosome. Their work showed the ribosome at atomic resolution and allowed the construction of a detailed threedimensional model of ribosome.The bacterial ribosome (70S) consists of a small (30S) and a large (50S) subunit. The 30S subunit is composed of 21 distinct proteins and a molecule of 16S rRNA. The 50S subunit is composed of 34 different proteins, a molecule of 23S rRNA and a molecule of 5S rRNA. The eukaryotic ribosomes are larger and more complex than those from prokaryotes. Various proteins synthesized in ribosomes in turn control the chemistry in all living organisms. As ribosomes are crucial to life, they are also a major target for antibiotics and RIP.
    Progress
    Unsolved Physics Puzzle in the Last Century: What Is Sources of High Energy Cosmic Rays
    CAO Zhen; Liu Jia-Li; Bai Yun-Xiang
    2009, 31(6):  342. 
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    Since they were found in 1920’s, cosmic rays are investigated thoroughly for locating their sources. It is still one of 11 unsolved puzzles that drive people working hard in their own fields. Neutral components of the cosmic rays, photons and neutrinos are naturally selected as messengers between the source objects in the universe and us. It is also found that even if the ordinary charged cosmic ray particles can be used as such a messenger as long as their energies are sufficiently high, e.g. above 50 EeV. Large scale experiments in those fields form a frontier of a campaign for searching for the sources. Gamma ray astronomy seems to be the most successful and most likely to break through. In order to keep the strong momentum, a significant boost in sensitivity of survey observational power with wide field of view instrument is essential. The international observatory at Tibet, China has developed well with two major experiments, ARGOYBJ and ASγ, collaborating with Italy and Japan with the right techniques, namely air shower observation. We propose building a large complex array with five components at Yang Ba Jing, Tibet to boost the source survey sensitivity. Details about physics perspectives and tentative design are discussed in this paper.
    Comprehensive Survey
    A Greatly Geographic Discovery in a Century：The Great Yalu Zangbu canyon
    YANG Yi-Chou;GAO Deng-Xi; Li Bo-Sheng
    2009, 31(6):  348. 
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    By investigating and measuring, argueing and contrasting, it was confirmed that the great Yalu Zangbu canyon is the largest canyon in the world, and the largest water vapor passage of on the Qing Zang plateau. Its environment is special, the resources is abundant: the canyon river bed have a group of four large waterfalles; there are developed the glaciers of the monsoonal oceanic type on the top of te mountains; especially there are abundant with the living creature and the water power resources. They are the storage resources for the development of china.
    Science Review
    Scientific New Discovery Reveal Laws of Nature
    YU Wen
    2009, 31(6):  355. 
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    Science and Culture
    Talk About on Sand Duststorm
    WANG Zhen-Dong
    2009, 31(6):  360-362. 
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    Natural Forum
    Valuable Anecdotes to Scientific Facts
    FANG Zheng-Yi
    2009, 31(6):  362. 
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    Portraits
    The Most Outstanding Astronomer in the 20th Century: Edwin Powell Hubble
    BIAN Yu-Lin
    2009, 31(6):  364. 
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