Chinese Journal of Nature

The Paradigm of Scientific Researches on Tibetan Plateau and Its Effects

ZHENG Du

2009, 31(5): 249.

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The integrated scientific expeditions to the Tibetan Plateau which started in the 1950s have attracted worldwide attention. Since then China has made remarkable achievements in the field. Therefore it has had its own position in the history of natural scientific expeditions in the world. The paradigm of scientific research on the Tibetan Plateau is characterized by the following aspects: a longterm platform of basic scientific research, and a process of knowledge dissemination, as well as a complex consisting of achievements and novel thinking in scientific researches. The paradigm has produced obvious “Tibetan effects”, that is, condensation effect of exploring natural secrets, mutual penetration effect of different disciplines, catalytic effect of talents emerging and social effect of continuous spread. The paradigm has been developed under the cultural atmosphere, such as national support, reform of organization system, academic freedom, as well as international cooperation, etc. The spiritual connotation embodied in the “Tibetan effects” includes the following aspects, raising the awareness of innovation aiming at international advance, obtaining original information based on the Plateau, strengthening cooperation for synthetic integration, combining theory with practice to serve the construction of the Plateau, and persevering for the cause of Tibetan scientific researches.

Introduction to the Metallogenic Theory by Transmagmatic Fluids

LUO Zhao-Hua;GAO Fei

2009, 31(5): 254.

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Last decade, the Chinese scientists have achieved a series of important progresses in researching of mineralization of the endogenic metal deposits. These progresses can be integrated into a mineralization theory which is called as “metallogenic theory by transmagmatic fluids”. Differing with the traditional magmatic hydrothermal metallogeny, the magma and the orebearing fluid were regarded as two independent geological systems. Their coupling improves the transport process of the oreforming materials, and their decoupling triggers the mineralization processes. This theory emphasizes the gross features for mineralgenic prognosis and hence improves the efficiency of prospecting mineral resources. The author aimed at simply introducing the theoretical model in terms of mineralization related to the highlevel igneous rocks.

Total Solar Eclipse: Observation and Research of Solar Corona

HU Zhong-Wen

2009, 31(5): 258.

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The total solar eclipse is the best opportunity to observe the solar corona on the ground. Magnificent solar corona shows very complex morphological structures and active phenomenon. The solar corona gives out strong ultraviolet and Xray，its matter with high temperature outflows continuously to form the solar wind. It often occurs with violent events of the coronal mass ejection . Coronal activities influence seriously on space environment and space weather，especially on spaceflight and the Earth. The observation and research of the solar corona becomes current hot field with important significance.

Role of Macrophages and Their Products in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis

XI Zheng-De;GE Hai-Liang

2009, 31(5): 262.

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Abstract〖WTB1]Macrophages differentiate from peripheralblood monocytes. Both monocytes and synovial macrophages are key players in rheumatoid arthritis. These cells are involved in the initiation and perpetuation of inflammation, leukocyte adhesion and migration, matrix degradation and angiogenesis. Macrophages express adhesion molecules, chemokine receptors and other surface antigens. They also secrete a number of chemokines, cytokines, growth factors, proteases and other mediators. These inflammatory mediators are the pathological mechanisms of inflammation and angiogenesis in arthritis. In recent years, macrophage migrationinhibitory factor has drawn great attention. This cytokine is involved in macrophage activation and cytokine production. Meanwile, migrationinhibitory factor also regulates glucocorticoid sensitivity and may be a pathogenic link between rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis. In rheumatoid arthritis, several proteinases including cathepsin G are produced by macrophages, and they are associated with inflammatory and angiogenic events. As macrophages and their products are key players in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, they may become good therapeutic targets for treating arthritis.

Deformation Features of Surface Rupture of the Wenchuan Earthquake(M8.0) at the Bailu Town

CHEN Gao;LI Yong;DONG Shun-Li;YAN Liang;MA Bo-Lin;QIAO Bao-Cheng;FENG Jing-Quan

2009, 31(5): 268.

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Surface rupture zone of Wenchuan earthquake(M8.0) on the Pengxian—Guanxian fault located between Cifeng and Suishui, the whole length was about 90 km where Bailu town located at southern part of surface rupture zone. The vertical offsets,horizontal offsets and tectonic shortening rate were measured precisely with total station instrument and GPS. The results showed that vertical offsets and horizontal offsets in Bailu town were most obvious along Pengxian—Guanxian fault, the largest slip amount was (2.7±0.2) m vertical offset in Bailu old street and (0.7±0.2) m horizontal offset in Bailu river embankment,Pengzhou. The were reasons were presented as follows: the coal seam in Bailu town was most abundant and most thick along Pengxian—Guanxian fault, the yield strength of soft rock was relatively low, and slippage of rock located both sides of fault was largest. Two branch faults which were imbricate arrangement were discriminated by the trial trench near Bailu middle school. Dip angle and change trend of dip angle with depth were consistent with the conclusion inferred by focal mechanism solution.

The Death of Massive Stars and the Supernova Explosions

WANG Jia-Ji

2009, 31(5): 272.

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The Ecological Footprint and Sustainable Development

FAN Zhen-Gang;CHAN Yu

2009, 31(5): 277.

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The production of concept on sustainable development and relationship between the developmental course on social economy and service of Ecosystem at that time have been discussed in this paper. The basic theory on sustainable development is principle of Ecology. So, realize on sustainable development must be depend on the principle and method of Ecology. The ecological footprint is verification of consume nature’s resources of the human kind and development of social. The ecological footprint is a quantitative valuation method of ecosystem services, which have become the frontier’s topics in ecology and ecological economics. Finally, the viewpoins were put forward for some defects in application process of ecological footprint to evaluate the sustainable development.

Scientific Expedition in the Greenland of Arctic

GAO Deng-yi

2009, 31(5): 282.

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It has been paid more attention to the influence of global warming on the ice and snow in Greenland of Arctic and comparison of the natural environment between the Greenland of Arctic and Svalbard during my first scientific expedition time in Greenland. It show us from the scientific expedition that there is a strong influence of global warming on the ice and snow in the west part of Greenland in Arctic. Such as, there are the sky blue lakes on the ice sheet of west Greenland everywhere, the glacial recession is very obvious and there are many icebergs in the Ilulissat Fjord. It is warning us from the above that under the background of the global warming mankind must be bound by ourselves to get the time for preparing against possible emergence, such as more decrease of discharging the greenhouse gases. On the other hand, there is a similar natural environment with the oasis in the region of ice and snow both in the regions of the Svalbard and the west seacoast of Greenland as the effect of warm oceanic general circulation.

The Ontogenic Law and Stem Cell Research

LU Chang-Fu

2009, 31(5): 285.

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The ontogenic law is also the law of stem cell differentiation, which may provide the guidance for stem cell research. According to this law, stem cell differentiation usually results in formation of blastocystlike structure (BLS), which is composed of a trophectodermlike structure （TLS）and an inner masslike structure (IMLS) or IMLSs, and this process repeats circularly. TLSs will finally develop into connective tissue or epithelium tissue. Niches, which somatic stem cells reside in, are attachments of tissue derived from TLSs. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are progenitors of several connective tissue cell lineages, they are distributed widely in the body. Characteristics of MSCs differ among laboratories, species and tissues, and there is no specific marker or combination of markers that identify MSCs either in vivo or in vitro. In view of the ontogenic law, MSCs should be IMLSs except for that of the lowest hierarchy BLSs, this is the reason why MSCs are distributed so widely and their markers are various.

The Value of Scientific Research is to Apply It

SHI Xin

2009, 31(5): 290.

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Dirac’s Principle of Mathematical Beauty: Review of Dirac:A Scientific Biography

YANG Jian-ye

2009, 31(5): 294.

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Dirac|Dirac eqnation|mathernatics beauty|quantum mechanics

Birds and Frogs

DYSON Freeman

2009, 31(5): 298.

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The Truth Makes Us Free

FANG Hong-Hui

2009, 31(5): 306.

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