抗体药物是生物技术制药领域的一个重要方面。抗体具有识别抗原的特异性，因而利用抗体诊断与治疗疾病是医药研究者长期以来追求的目标。抗体的发现与应用离不开免疫学。从免疫系统入手，详细介绍了抗体物质发现的历史进程与临床应用。近年来，以细胞工程技术和基因工程技术为主体的抗体工程技术已成为生物技术制药领域的热点。抗体药物的研制与产业化正以迅速的发展势头进入新的时代。

Antibody drug plays a critical role in biotechnology pharmaceutical field. It is a long term goal for antibody to diagnose and treat disease by its specific for antigen recognition. The discovery and application of antibody are inseparable from immunology. From the immune system, a detailed description of the historical process of discovery and clinical application of antibody was carried out. In recent years, cell engineering and genetic engineering technology as the main antibody engineering technology have been a hot field of pharmaceutical biotechnology. Antibody drug development and industrialization are entering a new age rapidly.