Abstract: Since the establishment of quantum mechanics, it has been expected to be the cornerstone of future technological advancement. Quantum computing, quantum information processing, quantum communication, quantum measurement and other techniques based on quantum mechanics are currently the focus of attention. People are trying to transform the theoretical results into applications to achieve “the second quantum revolution”. Among above quantum fields, the quantum computation has been
proved that it has strong potential to beat the traditional computer once it exceeds a critical size due to its parallel computing ability. It even threatens the ordinary encryption algorithms that are widely used currently and further have a profound impact on various fields of society. In this article, we give a general introduction to the background and principle of quantum computing from the view of popularization of science, and propose the future of quantum computing based on the status quo of development. Finally, we give some comments on the possibility of combining quantum computing with artificial intelligence.