Abstract: Based on the two intrinsic properties, zero resistance and perfect diamagnetism, superconductors have great potential in the application of energy, public transportation, and medical area. A large number of scientists devote to this field. Moreover, the study of the superconductivity and behind microscopic mechanism have also boosted the progress of the strongly correlated system in condensed matter as well as the quantum mechanics. So far, ten scientists have been awarded the Nobel Prize on Physics due to their contributions related to the study of superconductivity. In this paper, we will mainly discuss a minor quantum matter, the vortex, which is closely related to the macroscopic superconducting properties. This microscopic vortex matter can travel us around the unique properties of superconductivity and the frontier applications.

Key words:  , vortex, superconductor, flux quantum, pinning