Abstract: After the telescope was invented in 1608, the astronomical telescope was firstly used to observe variable celestial objects by the Italian famous scientist, Galileo Galilei, in 1609, and a number of important discoveries were made soon, and a new era for astronomical observations and studies ushered in. As technical developments and knowledge improvements, radio astronomy, infrared astronomy, ultraviolet astronomy, X-ray astronomy and -ray astronomy were developed one by one during some decades from 1940s, and astronomers can cover the whole wavebands of electromagnetic radiation emitted from celestial objects, which means multiwavelength astronomy came in being, and step into a new phase to know better physical nature of the Universe and different kinds of celestial objects in it.

Key words: multiwavelength astronomy, radio astronomy, infrared astronomy, ultraviolet astronomy, X-ray astronomy, -ray astronomy