Abstract: Because of their great contributions to the dynamics of symmetry breaking in elementary particle physics, the Japan-born American theorist Yoichiro Nambu from the Enrico Fermi Institute (University of Chicago, USA) and the Japanese theorists Makoto Kobayashi from the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK, Japan) and Toshihide Maskawa from the Yukawa Institute of Theoretical Physics (Kyoto University, Japan) have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2008. In this essay, we shall briefly introduce their awarded works and the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the Universe.

Key words: Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking, CP Violation, Matter-antimatter Asymmetry of the Universe