Abstract: In 21st century, polar rapid changes will seriously challenge to human and greatly chance to develop the polar science. Arctic and Antarctic sciences will be focused on global climate change and polar environmental change.  Polar expeditions will be strengthened spatially and temporally on multidiscipline and integrative researches, global cooperation and innovative technology application. Uses of the Antarctic resources, especially biological resources will be developed under the regulation of the Antarctic Treaty for the treaty parties.

Key words: Arctic and Antarctic sciences, expeditions, 21st century