Abstract: The Earth is the homeland of humans for living on and development. Our knowledge of the Earth’s interior is relatively limited compared to surface layer (atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere). Geological/geochemical approach interprets the properties of constituent materials in the Earth’s interior by analyzing the minerals and rocks once occurred in the deep Earth but now were brought onto the surface and meteorolites from outer space. Geophysical approach probes the structure of the Earth’s interior using seismic waves. With the improvement of high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) experimental techniques in the last more than a half century, scientists are able to create the extreme high pressure and temperature environment of the Earth’s interior.
Moreover, with various modern analytical technologies, the nature and property of rocks and minerals under high pressure and high temperature conditions have extensively been in situ studied. All of these studies advanced our understanding on the composition and structure of the deep Earth. Therefore, the HPHT experiments become the “bright lamp” to detect the structure and composition of the deep Earth.

Key words: high pressure and high temperature experiment, deep Earth, geology, geophysics