Abstract: Super-resolution fluorescent microscopy becomes a powerful tool for biomedical research, and extent the application of fluorescent microscopy to a brand new level. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences decided to award Erik Betzig, Stefan W. Hell and W. E. Moerner the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014 for the development of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. Their award proved the importance of this multidisciplinary field consist of chemistry, biology and physics. In this article, we briefly introduced the historical background of super-resolution imaging, and dissect the born and development of each techniques. Finally, the current problems and the challenges for future research were presented.