Abstract:  China is the world's largest producer of fruits and vegetables, yet postharvest losses caused by pathogenic microbial infections remain as high as 15% ~ 25%, resulting in significant economic losses and posing serious challenges to food security and sustainable resource utilization. Driven by the “Healthy China” initiative and the “Dual Carbon” goals, the development of green and safe biocontrol preservation technologies is of great significance in reducing reliance on chemical preservatives and promoting the low-carbon transformation of the fruit and vegetable industry. This paper systematically reviews the mechanisms and applications of bio-preservation technologies, including antimicrobial compounds derived from plants and animals, antagonistic microorganisms and their metabolites, and novel enzyme preparations. Furthermore, it discusses the current bottlenecks and potential strategies for industrial-scale implementation. The findings provide theoretical support for key technologies in reducing postharvest losses and establishing a sustainable green supply chain.