Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein as the main pathological features of the disease. Recent studies have shown that innate immune responses triggered by microglia and astrocytes, and adaptive immune responses induced by the activation and infiltration of NK cells, B cells, and T cells into the brains of patients with Parkinson’s disease play a key role in dopaminergic neuronal damage and disease progression in Parkinson’s disease, suggesting that immune damage may be the key to therapeutic research in Parkinson’s disease may be the key to Parkinson’s disease. Therefore, this review summarises the research progress on the mechanism of immune injury in Parkinson’s disease, with a view to providing possible new ideas for the prevention and treatment of Parkinson’s disease.