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Table of Content

    20 October 2008, Volume 30 Issue 5
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    Articles
    Ice Breaking Expeditions：Present and Past of the Arctic Ocean
    WANG Pin-xian
    2008, 30(5):  247-251. 
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    In 2004，Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 302 drilled in the deep-water Arctic Ocean and discovered that the Arctic Ocean was a fresh-water lake with a subtropical climate some 50 million years ago, and its deposits are highly promising in oil production. In 2007, the Russian mini-submarine “Mir-1” planted a Russian flag on the sea bed about 4 km below the North Pole, leading to international competing claims over access to Arctic resources. Both the “ice-breaking expeditions” took place under the background of global warming when the Arctic sea-ice cover is rapidly reducing. In result, the opening of the Northwest Passage is progressively approaching, heating up the international competition in the Arctic Ocean.
    Antarctic Research Progress of China in past 28 Years
    ZHANG Qing-song;WANG Yong
    2008, 30(5):  252-258. 
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    Since two Chinese scientists were sent to Australian Antarctic station Casey in January of 1980, Chinese Antarctic research works have been carried for 28 years. Through a period of learning foreign experiences in 1980-1984, and established two stations, Great Wall and Zhongshan, in 1984 and 1989 respectively, and purchased the icebreaker “Xue Long”, then “one vessel two stations” system for carrying on Chinese Antarctic research programs independently became true. Since 1990, China has carried out four of “five year plan” for the Antarctic research. According to the instruct of Mr. Deng Xiaoping, “to make contribution to the peaceful use of the Antarctic ”, China has sent out 24 of national Antarctic research expeditions, and carried out various scientific programs both inland and on southern Ocean, significant progress has been made. Amongst them, results in study of krill, ice sheet, meteorology and environment, ozone, and meteorite, are not only revealing the secret of nature and increasing knowledge, but also valuable to evaluate possibility and risk in peaceful use of natural resources in Antarctic region.
    Antarctic:the Thermometer of Global Climate Warming
    YAN Qi-de
    2008, 30(5):  259-261. 
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    Invited Special Paper
    Polar Atmospheric Sciences Expedition and Research on Global Change
    LU Long-hua;BIAN Lin-gen
    2008, 30(5):  262-266. 
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    The Arctic and Antarctica are climatic sensitive areas on Earth, and are also key regions of many international research programs for climate change. Polar Regions are important to the formation and variation of global climate because they comprise all interactive processes among atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, cryosphere and biosphere. Expedition and research on polar atmospheric science is an important component of polar science. By the early time of 2008, China has organized expedition to Antarctica for 24 times, twice to Arctic Ocean, and 4 times to Arctic station independently, and built the Great Wall station and Zhongshan station in Antarctica and Huanghe station in Arctic. Moreover, 5 automatic meteorological stations were also set up on the ice sheet of Antarctica. Researches relating to polar atmospheric science and global climate change are developing. However, many works need to be done to enhance our researches on polar atmospheric sciences and global climate change, such as further promoting international cooperation, keeping monitoring changes of atmospheric elements including near surface temperature, improving operational capability on polar meteorology, expanding investigating and studying fields on polar atmospheric science, getting climatic proxy data actively, further recognizing and quantifying the role of polar zones in global change and its impact on weather/climate and sustainable development of economy in China, and setting up an integrated system for polar atmospheric science research.
    Articles
    Progress in Dark Matter Research, and the Synthetical Approach to Science
    CHEN Xue-lei;HUANG　Feng
    2008, 30(5):  267-274. 
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    In this paper we introduce the basics of dark matter research, and also discuss recent progress in this field, including the evidence of dark matter, the cold dark matter model, the search of weakly interacting dark matter, researches on dark matter halo, and other astrophysical constraints. The current method of dark matter investigation differs from the traditional approach of reductionism, it might serve as an example of the "synthetical approach" of research. This has some reference value for reseaches in other fields.
    Evolution of Darwin’s Finches on the Galapagos Islands
    SHANG Yu-chang
    2008, 30(5):  275-279. 
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    The Galapagos islands are volcanic. They have never been connected to the mainland. The fourteen species of Darwin’s finches fall into four groups: ground finches, tree finches, a warble fineh, and the Cocos finch. All fouvteen species of Darwin’s finches differ from each other in body size and or bill, size and shape. The original colonists of the Galapagos must have arrived by overwater flight from the Central or South American continent. Speciation occurred within each group fairly recently. They were all descended from a singie group of colonist. In fact, Galapagos island differ in the characteristics of their food supplies, therefore adaptation to local food supplies is a sufficient explanation for devergence in Galapagos finches. Interspecific competition for food played a role in the adaptive radiation. Darwin’s finches represent an early stage in the diversification of a group and hence allow us to indentify the causes of the origin of an adaptive radiation. Hawaiian archipelago offers a contrasting example of the more typical condition.
    Cyanobacteria Movements and Its Bloom Early Control
    LI Xiao-ping
    2008, 30(5):  280-286. 
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    The fundamental way out for cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) bloom control is early prevention and mitigation of its excessive growth. The algal growth curve pattern gives us control times and concentration scopes to take early actions. As long as we understand cyanobacteria’s growth regularities, vertical and horizontal movements, and surface accumulation processes, taking measures of early prevention and large-scale mitigation, eliminating threaten of cyanobacteria on drinking water resources and reducing other negative impacts of cyanobacteria bloom are totally possible.
    The History of Domestic Clutibation of Gold-fish in China and Its Spread in the East and West
    PAN Ji-xing
    2008, 30(5):  287-290. 
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    This paper talks about the history of domestic cultivation of gold-fish in China and its spread in the East and West on the basis of study in related Chinese and foreign source.
    Invited Special Paper
    A Basic Law of Individual Development
    LU Chang-fu
    2008, 30(5):  291-295. 
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    Our body is developed from a single cell through a hierarchical series of differentiation. The first differentiation results in the blastocyst formation, and subsequently differentiation result in a hierarchical series of blastocyst-like structures (BLSs). A blastocyst-like structure is composed of a trophectoderm-like structure (TLS) and an inner cell mass-like structure (ICMLS) or ICMLSs, and every BLS is contained in another BLS which is higher in hierarchy than that being contained. An important role of TLS is to make up the local microenvironment for ICMLSs, and TLSs of all the BLSs finally develop into connective tissues or epithelium. ICMLSs are stem cells with different potential. The lower the hierarchy the BLS belongs to, the more differentiated the cells of the ICMLSs of the BLS are. ICMLSs of BLSs belong to the lowest hierarchy are tissue-specific stem cells, they are usually unipotent. This development model can apply to all organisms, it is actually a basic law
    Articles
    International Cooperation Offering New Approach to Science Research
    ZHAO Zhuo-xi
    2008, 30(5):  296-300. 
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