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25 December 2012, Volume 34 Issue 6
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Invited Special Paper
Research on Subwavelength Micronano Optics(II)
ZHUANG Song-Lin, WANG Qi, ZHU Yi-Ming, GENG Tao, ZHANG Da-Wei
2012, 34(6): 311-317.
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Subwavelength micronano structure devices combined with thin film optics, guidedwave optics and diffractive optics had the potential to produce new functional optical components. It became one of the most popular fields in the current scientific research and industrial development. This paper describes the characteristics of subwavelength guidedmode resonant structure and the applications of tunable filter, colored image reproduction. Moreover, the design and fabrication processing of the terahertz filter are also presented with periodic microstructure. All of the results showed the new features of the micro and nanoscale optical structure are different from the macroscopic scale. Micronano optical devices played an important role in new technology and presented broad prospects of science and technology.
Modeling and Simulation of Complex Earth System for Climate Change (Part II)
CHA Chuan-jie, LI Qi
2012, 34(6): 318-326.
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There is an unwritten rule in science, indicates that physics is a concrete model and the primitive terms are objects and relations adapted from the real world. But, mathematics is an ideal model, that the primitive terms are objects and relations adapted from some other postulation development. Their characters are naturally different. As a result, physicists use observations, measurements, and experiments argue for these phenomena they found. While, mathematicians use deduction debate for their noumenas, [LL]the former is physical description, and the latter is the fact of substance. Trivial, this two kind knowledge have themselves inherent incompletion, and there is inconsistency trouble with them at the very initial stage, which continuous unlimited among their descendant subjects. Thus, those unsolved problems arise. For this reason, in this article, we base on the truth and through geometric structure of timespace and nature laws in universe which they followed, let the physics and mathematics consistency, and then those unsolved problems can be accomplished. Further for that, revealed a way to the axiomatisation of physics, eliminate the profoundly disturbing crises wherein the foundation of mathematics.
Brief Introduction of Nobel Prize
Cell Fate Changed by Reprogramming: the Rejuvenation of Cells—A Brief Introduction to the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012
WANG Yu-Kai;ZHOU Qi
2012, 34(6): 327-331.
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The study of cell reprogramming has been carried out by many scientists for decades of years. The term cell reprogramming means “fully differentiated cells can be reprogrammed to multipotent stem cells”. In 1962, John Gurdon proved that somatic cells can be reprogrammed in an unfertilized enucleated Xenopus egg, demonstrating that nuclei from specialized cells still held the potential to be any cell type despite its specialization. [JP2]Based on Gurdon’s [JP]achievement, in 2006, Shinya Yamanaka made great progress in the cell reprogramming field. He successfully performed cell reprogramming outside the body and obtained cells with multipotency, namely induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells ), indicating that cell fate is determined by selectively opening or closing some certain genes. Compared with embryo stem cells (ES cells), iPS has great superiority in avoiding ethical troubles caused by collecting stem cells from human embryo. Moreover, the cells derived from patients’ own tissues are most likely to eliminate immune rejection problems in clinical application. The establishment of iPS technique has triggered the beginning of a brand new research field.
Measuring and Manipulating Individual Quantum Systems:A Brief Introduction to the Nobel Prize in Physics 2012
GUO Wen-Xiang, LIU Wu-Ming
2012, 34(6): 332-336.
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The Nobel Prize in Physics 2012 was awarded jointly to Serge Haroche and David J. Wineland "for groundbreaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems". Haroche and Wineland opened the door to a new era of experimentation with quantum physics by demonstrating the direct observation of individual quantum systems without destroying them. For single particles of light or matter, the laws of classical physics cease to apply and quantum physics takes over. Thus many seemingly bizarre phenomena predicted by quantum mechanics could not be directly observed. They independently invented and developed groundbreaking methods for measuring and manipulating individual particles while preserving their quantummechanical nature, in ways that were previously thought unattainable.
G Protein Coupled Receptors, the Magic Molecules with Seven Transmembrane Helices: A Brief Introduction to the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
LU Wei-Zhen;WU Bei-Li;ZHAO Jiang
2012, 34(6): 337-343.
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G protein coupled receptors are the largest and the most important protein family in human genome, which involved in almost all of the living activities. The gene cloning, functional studies and structural determination of these receptors shed a new light on understanding the physiological regulation and the pathogenicity and treatment of almost all the human diseases. The Nobel Prize had issued to related research for 9 times, and in 2012, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was issued to two American scientists, Robert J. Lefkowitz and Brian K. Kobilka, for their extraordinary work on this area, especially on β2 adrenergic receptors. In this paper, we briefly reviewed the research progresses of G protein coupled receptors in the past, their unique 7 transmembrane architecture, activation mechanism and their future trends.
Progress
Exploring Progress on Brain Networks （I）:Research Characteristics, Methods and Three Major Types
FANG Jin-Qing
2012, 34(6): 344-349.
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Brain network is a typical complex network for the most complex living systems, and it belongs to “network of networks”. At present, the research is focused on brain models from three levels, namely, microscopic scale (neuron), the mesoscale (neural cluster) and large scale (cortical area). Exploring brain network is very difficult because they influence each other and complicate among various brain levels. The author introduced explore process, research methods and main types of brain networks.
Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil and Restoration Technology
HUANG Zhan-Bin, JIAO Hai-Hua
2012, 34(6): 350-354.
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Heavy metal pollution was an important problem influencing on agricultural production and threatening people’s health and safety in China. The authors introduced the definition, resources, harming and the main restoration technology of heavy metal in farmland soil, and discussed the development of restoration technology for heavy metal pollution soil and its application.
Magical Surface Tension
LIU Jian-Lin, GU Han-Lin, GOU Fei-Lin, LAN Di
2012, 34(6): 355-358.
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In our daily life, agriculture and industry, surface tension causes a lot of interesting physical phenomena. In this article, the physical mechanism of surface tension, and several magical behaviors induced by surface tension are introduced. These phenomena includes the spherical liquid dew, the liquid film, the needle and small creatures floating on water surface, the raft formed by clustered ants, the lotus effect, and the special feeding mechanism of shorebirds, etc. These surface tensioninduced phenomena are beneficial to learn from nature, and provide some inspirations to design newtyped devices in the use of biomimetic technology.
Portraits
Charles Kuen Kao—Father of Fiber Optics
YANG Jian-ye
2012, 34(6): 364-370.
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