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Table of Content

    25 August 2017, Volume 39 Issue 4
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    Review Article
    Photoelectrocatalysis of carbon dioxide
    RAO Xufeng, XU Jie, LIU Yuyu, ZHANG Jiujun
    2017, 39(4):  235-241. 
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    Photoelectrocatalysis of carbon dioxide utilizes solar power and electrical power as energy sources to convert carbon dioxide (CO2) into liquid fuels or other organic compounds. This process combines photocatalytic reduction and electrochemical reduction, and possesses great potential for future applications. In this paper, fundamental mechanisms and characteristics of photocatalysis, electrochemical reduction and photoelectrocatalysis are briefly introduced. The advantages of photoelectrocatalysis are emphasized, and the factors affecting CO2 photoelectrocatalysis are also analyzed. Future research directions on CO2 photoelectrocatalysis are then proposed.

    An overview of electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide
    ZHANG Qi,XU Wutao, LIU Yuyu, ZHANG Jiujun
    2017, 39(4):  242-250. 
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     Over the past decades, electrochemical reduction of CO2 (ERC) has received widespread attentions due to its ability to store renewable energy from solar, wind, tidal and so on as well as abandoned electricity energy nuclear/hydroelectricity power plants in the forms of low-carbon fuels and valuable chemicals. This technology can promote energy storage and the utilization of waste (gas). It is considered to be a green and promising CO2 disposal method. When using different catalysts, electrolytes and reactor design for ERC, the products and system energy efficiency obtained would be different. Here, we give a brief overview of the ERC fundamentals and the current state of this technology.

    Basics of fuel cells
    YANG Liting, FENG Ligang, ZHANG Jiujun
    2017, 39(4):  251-257. 
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     Fuel cells as a type of the electricity-generation devices that can directly convert chemical energy into electrical energy have emerged out in many application areas due to their advantages such as high efficiency, low pollution, low noise and so on. It was ranked to be one of the cutting edge technologies in twenty-first century by Time Magazine. In this paper, the related concepts and characteristics of fuel cells are over-reviewed in terms of science and technology. The history of fuel cells is recalled, and the latest development of fuel cells in both military and civilian applications are summarized. Finally, the challenges of fuel cells faced currently as well as the application prospectives are also discussed.

    Development, present status and applications of lead-acid battery
    SHAO Qinsi, YAN Wei, LI Aijun, ZHANG Jiujun
    2017, 39(4):  258-264. 
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     Invented more than 150 years ago, lead-acid battery has been the dominant portion in the second battery market with the widest applications in industry and daily life due to its unique advantages, such as low cost, mature technology，reliable performance and sound safety. In this paper, the principle, the history, the invention processes, the components, and the applications of lead-acid battery are reviewed. Finally, the future development directions and application prospective of lead-acid batteries are discussed.

    Advances and prospects for supercapacitor-based hybrid energy storage devices
    2017, 39(4):  265-282. 
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    Hybrid energy storage devices (HESDs) are a new type of energy storage devices which combine the energy storage mechanism of double layer capacitance and pseudocapacitance, or supercapacitors and secondary batteries together in one system. HESDs can be classified as asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) and battery-supercapacitors (BSCs). HESDs have electrochemical performance such as high rate density, long cycle stability and safety like traditional supercapacitors and also possess high energy density equivalent to secondary rechargeable batteries. HESDs can be used as power sources for multi-function electronic equipments and electric/hybrid vehicles in the future. In this paper, energy storage mechanism, the development of the electrolytes, electrode materials and the full cell fabrication and performance are reviewed in detail. Finally, an outlook about the development perspectives, trends and the challenges for HESDs is presented.

    The present situation and expectation of lithium-ion battery
    WANG Pengbo, ZHENG Junchao
    2017, 39(4):  283-289. 
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    Lithium-ion battery (LIB) has the advantages of high capacity, no memory effect, high working voltage, and long life. This paper reviews LIB’s development history, working principle, characteristics and components. The current technical challenges of LIB are analyzed, and the future development and perspectives pf LIB are also discussed.

    Progress
    Status and advance on study of behavior and ecology in primate (V): primate nutritional ecology
    SHANG Yuchang
    2017, 39(4):  290-292. 
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     Research on feeding occupied a central positon in the history of primate studies. The nutrients required by primates are divided into broad classes: carbohydrates, protein, lipids, vitamins, minerals and water. The first three are commonly referred to macronutrients that required in large quantities for the energy for growth and maintenance, while minerals and vitamins named micronutrients are not used for energy per se but are instead vitally important for innumerable physiological processes. With very exceptions, primates derive a majority of their energetic and nutritional requirements from plants.
     

    History of Natural Science
    Establishment of taxonomic status of Victoria (Nymphaeaceae)
    Establishment of taxonomic status of Victoria (Nymphaeaceae)
    2017, 39(4):  293-298. 
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    Victoria (Nymphaeaceae) spp., known as “The Queen of flowers in water”, are famous aquatic ornamental plants. In the existing literature, their discoverer, namer and scientific names are ambiguous and vague. In this paper, its establishing and naming history of taxonomic status is verified, and the origin of different names are explored. The results show that Victoria is named after Queen Victoria, by John Lindley in 1837. There are two species in this genus, V. amazonica and V. cruziana. The discovery and naming of V. amazonica has been controversial. At present, V. amazonica (Poepp.) J. C. Sowerby is widely accepted, which was established by James De Carle Sowerby in 1850. Another specie was named by Alcide D’Orbigny in 1840. Key words Victoria, discovery, history of naming

    Science Focus
    Science Review
    A step leaps over thousands kilometers
    GUAN Yi
    2017, 39(4):  304-312. 
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