自然杂志 ›› 2022, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 480-490.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2022.03.008

• 自然科学史 • 上一篇    

RNA研发简史：从微不足道到无比重要

郭晓强① ，李岩异②   

  1. ①河北体育学院 运动人体科学系，石家庄 050041；②华北制药金坦生物技术股份有限公司，石家庄 050035
  • 收稿日期:2021-09-13 出版日期:2022-12-25 发布日期:2022-08-15
  • 通讯作者: 郭晓强，研究方向：酶学和生命科学史。

A brief history of RNA research: from insignificant to significant

GUO Xiaoqiang① , LI Yanyi②   

  1. ①Department of Sports Human Sciences, Hebei Sport University, Shijiazhuang 050041, China；②NCPC Genetech Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Hebei province Shijiazhuang 050035, China
  • Received:2021-09-13 Online:2022-12-25 Published:2022-08-15

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摘要： 核糖核酸(RNA)是一类具有重要生物学功能和临床价值的生物大分子，其基本组成元件是核糖、碱基和磷酸。早在1869年米歇尔就发现了RNA，但直到20世纪50年代科学家才开始对其进行系统研究。功能方面，RNA参与蛋白质合成、作为遗传物质、催化生物反应、调节基因表达等；应用方面，多种RNA药物已研发成功，包括反义RNA、小干扰RNA、适配体、RNA指导的基因编辑和mRNA疫苗等。文章回顾了RNA发现、发展和应用过程，以期能对RNA生物重要性有一个较为全面的理解。

关键词: Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a biological macromolecule with various biological roles and clinical values. The basic , components of RNA are ribose, bases and phosphate. Although RNA was discovered by Friedrich Miescher in 1869, it was not systematically studied until the 1950s. In terms of function, RNA participates in protein synthesis, acts as genetic material, catalyzes biological reactions, and regulates gene expression. In terms of application, a variety of RNA drugs have been successfully developed, including antisense RNA, small interfering RNA, aptamers, RNA-guided gene editing, and mRNA vaccines. The process of RNA discovery, development and application are systematically reviewed in order to have a more comprehensive understanding of RNA.

Abstract: 核糖核酸； 蛋白质合成；调节RNA；mRNA疫苗

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