自然杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 340-354.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2023.05.003

• 专题综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

镓基液态金属的结构与物性

张春小①，崔丹丹②，杜轶②，徐迅③，钟建新④，任龙⑤   

  1. ①山东理工大学 物理与光电工程学院，山东淄博 255000；②北京航空航天大学 物理学院，北京 100191；③伍伦贡大学 超导与电子材料研究所，澳大利亚伍伦贡 2500；④上海大学 理学院物理系，上海 200444；⑤武汉理工大学 材料科学与工程国际化示范学院，武汉 430070
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-02 出版日期:2023-10-25 发布日期:2023-10-24
  • 通讯作者: 任龙，研究方向：液态金属、低维材料与器件等。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年项目(52201164)

Structure and physical properties of gallium-based liquid metal

ZHANG Chunxiao①, CUI Dandan②, DU Yi②, XU Xun③, ZHONG Jianxin④, REN Long⑤   

  1. ① School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong Province, China; ② School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; ③ Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2500, Australia; ④ Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; ⑤ International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
  • Received:2023-09-02 Online:2023-10-25 Published:2023-10-24

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摘要： 镓基液态金属由于其良好的流动性以及高导电导热性，在室温范围内展现出许多与固态金属材料不同的性质，也突破了固态金属无法实现的一些瓶颈，在柔性器件、软体机器人等方面展现巨大的应用前景。镓基液态金属的特殊物性与其原子结构、键价关系、电子性质等密切关联。深入理解镓基液态金属的基本结构与物性，对研究和应用液态金属材料有着重要意义。文章从液态金属的微观原子结构着手，综述了研究液态金属基本物性的常用理论和分析方法，并以此剖析了镓基液态金属最引人关注的一些性质，最后对液态金属物性研究及扩展其应用领域的可能方向进行了探讨。

关键词: 液态金属, 无序结构, 固液相变, 金属导电导热

Abstract: Gallium (Ga)-based liquid metals (LMs), due to their good fluidity and high electrical/thermal conductivity, yield many attractive room-temperature properties different from solid metal materials and even overcome some bottlenecks that solid metal cannot reach. Therefore, Ga-LMs exhibit great application prospects in flexible devices, soft robots, and others. The unique physical properties of Ga-LMs are closely related to their atomic structures, bonding, and valence relationship, as well as their electronic properties. An in-depth understanding of the basic structure and physical properties of Ga-LMs is of great significance for the research and application of liquid metal materials. In this review, we briefly introduce the theories and analytical methods commonly used for studying the basic physical properties of liquid metal, through the aspect of the microscopic atomic structure. Accordingly, some most attractive properties of Ga-LMs are reviewed and discussed. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for the study and application of LMs are discussed as well.

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