关键词: CRISPR系统, 微生物, 基因编辑, 特异性切割, 附属切割

Abstract:     The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system, a powerful and tunable gene-editing tool, holds great promise in the fields of microbial mechanism analysis, functional enhancement, and detection tracing due to its precision and flexibility. The system’s two core functions, the specific recognition and cis-cleavage by Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins and the trans-cleavage, have garnered significant attention. Efficient microbial genome editing tools based on the specific recognition and cutting function have strengthened the functionality of microorganisms, enhancing their application potential in environmental protection, ecological restoration, and energy recovery. Moreover, the rapid detection methods for pathogenic microorganisms, developed based on its trans-cleavage, provide technical support for epidemic prevention and control caused by pathogenic microorganisms. This paper focuses on the current application status and future prospects of CRISPR gene-editing technology in microbes.