自然杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (3): 225-231.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2021.03.008

• 科技进展 • 上一篇    下一篇

陆地植物起源研究的新进展

吴珍,程时锋   

  1. 中国农业科学院农业基因组研究所,岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室深圳分中心,农业农村部农业基因 数据分析重点实验室,深圳 518120
  • 收稿日期:2021-04-10 出版日期:2021-06-25 发布日期:2021-06-13
  • 通讯作者: 程时锋,通信作者,国家优秀青年科学基金获得者,研究方向:植物比较进化基因组学和作物群体遗传学。
  • 基金资助:
    中国农业科学院科技创新工程、中国农业科学院科技创新工程协同创新任务(CAAS-GXAAS-XTCX2019026-1)和广东省珠江人才创新创业团队项目(2019ZT08N628)

Overview on the origin of land plants

WU Zhen, CHENG Shifeng   

  1. Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120,China
  • Received:2021-04-10 Online:2021-06-25 Published:2021-06-13

摘要: 植物祖先从水生到陆生的演化是植物进化生物学研究的重要课题,也是改变地球陆地生态系统的关键事件,而目前植物陆地化的进化转变机制尚不明了。最近,对几种链型绿藻和一种角苔植物的高质量基因组解析为这一事件提供了线索。研究得出如下结论:①双星藻纲(Zygnematophyceae)是现存与陆地植物共同祖先最近的姐妹群系;②两类主调控因子(GRAS和PYL)的土壤细菌水平基因转移在驱动植物祖先陆地化的进程中起着重要作用;③植物祖先陆地化是渐进性演化,遗传物质经历了一系列的 “预适应”,很多长期被认为陆地植物特有的基因家族在更原始的绿藻中就已存在;④基因组学是研究植物陆地化及其可逆性过程(如一些水生被子植物)的重要手段。分子机制依然是研究植物陆地化适应性进程的热点之一,包括人工设计的 “实验进化”和在植物进化及适应性进程中扮演重要角色的水平基因转移这一自然的转基因工程事件。

关键词: 植物陆地化, 链型绿藻, 角苔植物, 基因组学

Abstract: The transition of the algal ancestor of land plants from fresh water to land is important in the study of plant evolutionary biology, which has also changed the terrestrial ecosystem of the earth but the evolutionary mechanism of plant terrestrialization remains unknown. The recent report of high-quality reference genomes of several streptophyte algae and one hornwort sheds light on this major event. Based on these studies, we can draw the following conclusions: ①Zygnematophyceae was found to be the closest sister group to the common ancestor of land plants found so far; ②The acquisition of GRAS and PYL genes from soil bacteria via horizontal gene transfer plays an important role in driving the adaptive process of plant terrestrialization; ③The terrestrialization of plant ancestors is an asymptotic evolutionary process, and the genetic material has gone through a series of pre-adaptation processes, which many gene families previously thought to be unique to land plants exist in more primitive green algae; ④Genomics is an important method for studying terrestrialization and its reversibility process (such as some aquatic angiosperms). The molecular mechanism of the adaptive process of plant terrestrialization is still one of the current research hotspots, including artificial design of “experimental evolution”, horizontal gene transfer, a natural transgenic engineering event, and its key role in plant evolution and adaptation.