中性粒细胞是人体血液循环中最丰富的白细胞，在先天免疫中发挥重要的吞噬杀伤作用以抵御入侵的病原体，但它们在组织中激活的失控会引发诸如关节炎、结肠炎、败血症等多种炎性疾病的发生。文章首先概述了中性粒细胞的发生及其向炎症部位募集的分子机制，接着讨论了中性粒细胞清除病原菌的杀菌机理，最后论述了中性粒细胞功能失控引发炎症性相关疾病，并简述了中性粒细胞的一些生物标志物及其潜在的疾病治疗意义。

Neutrophils, the most abundant white blood cells in human blood circulation, play a critical element of the innate immune response that forms the first line of defense against invading pathogens. However, their unregulated activation leads to inflammatory iseases such as arthritis, colitis, and sepsis. Here we first summarize the generation of neutrophils and themolecular mechanisms
that recruit neutrophils toward the sites of infection, and then update with mechanism showing neutrophils track down and destroy
pathogens. In this mini review, we will also discuss the examples of human diseases caused by unregulated neutrophils, and the
biomarkers of neutrophils and their potential therapeutic significance in diseases.