氢能质子交换膜燃料电池通常被认为是清洁、高效和静音的能源技术，可以将氢气转换成电和热。早在几十年前商业界就期望燃料电池能够应用在运输领域，但一直难以真正实现。阻碍其商业化的主要障碍是成本高、耐久性差、系统较复杂，以及缺乏氢气供给基础设施。为了更好地理解这些问题，文章将介绍这种燃料电池的基本原理、核心技术和应用前景。

Hydrogen energy proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are generally considered to be a type of clean, efficient, noise-free energy technology. It can produce electricity and heat from hydrogen through electrochemical reactions. The expectations for their commercialization in transport have not yet been realized for several decades ago. The main hurdles preventing commercialization are high cost, insufficient durability, high system complexity and a lack of hydrogen infrastructure. To better understand the issues, this review will introduce and discuss the basic principles and key technology of PEMFCs, including electrocatalysts, membranes and membrane electrode assemblies, as well as their perspectives in applications.