随着能源危机和环境问题的日益加剧，迫切需要寻求一种高效的可再生能源，而氢能被认为是最具前景的能量载体之一。氢燃料电池是氢能利用的最主要形式，其中车载储氢需要更轻便、紧凑和经济的体系来取代高压气体储氢装置。作为最具潜力的固体储氢体系之一，镁基储氢材料具有诸多优点，但阻碍其实际应用的瓶颈问题同样难以克服。文章通过介绍镁基储氢材料的吸放氢机理，阐述了热力学和动力学性能对其实际应用的制约及成因，归纳了当前的研究方法和进展，包括主要的组织调控和材料改性方法，并对镁基储氢的发展前景进行了展望。

With the intensified energy crisis and environmental issues, it is of urgent demand to seek for an efficient and renewable alternative to replace the traditional fossil fuels. Hydrogen is considered one of the most promising energy carriers. Hydrogen fuel cell is the main form for the use of hydrogen energy. For fuel cell electric vehicles, the on-board hydrogen storage needs light, compact, and affordable system to replace the compressed hydrogen tanks. Mg-based hydrogen storage material is one of the most promising solid hydrogen storage systems, which has many advantages, but the bottlenecks that hinder its practical application are also difficult to overcome. In this article, the mechanisms for hydrogen absorption and desorption of Mg-based hydrogen storage material are introduced, the constraints of thermodynamic and kinetic properties on its practical applications are expounded, and the causes are further elaborated. The current research methods and progress are summarized, including the common methods of microstructure modification. In further, the development and prospects of Mg-based hydrogen storage material are proposed.