以碳纳米管(carbon nanotube, CNT)和石墨烯(graphene)为代表的新一代碳纳米材料，由于其优异的力学性能和独特的结构而成为金属基复合材料的理想增强体。材料复合化可以提高金属材料的强度，但是会导致“强韧性倒置”的矛盾，从而限制高性能复合材料的开发及其在工业上的应用。启迪于自然界贝壳珍珠层的“砖-泥”结构，进行仿生层状构型设计，是解决这一问题、制备轻质高强超韧复合材料的有效手段。文章就国内外仿生层状碳纳米材料增强金属基复合材料的制备工艺进行综述并提出一些思考。

The new generation of carbon nanomaterials, represented by carbon nanotubes and graphene, have been the ideal reinforcement for metal matrix composites (MMCs) due to their excellent mechanical properties and unique structure. The strength of metal materials can be improved by means of material compounding. However, this method always compromises strength and toughness, which limits the development of high-performance composite materials and their industrial applications. Inspired by the “brick-and-mortar structure” of nacre in nature, bionic layered structure design is an effective means to solve this problem and fabricate lightweight, high-strength and super-toughness composite materials. In this paper, the fabrication technology of biomimetic layered carbon nanomaterials reinforced metal matrix composites was reviewed and some thoughts were put forward.