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嫦娥四号讲述的月球“土壤”故事

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  • 中国科学院地质与地球物理所 地球与行星物理重点实验室,北京 100029

收稿日期: 2020-09-20

  网络出版日期: 2020-12-18

The secrets buried in the lunar soil are being exposed by the lunar rover Yutu-2

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  • The Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China

Received date: 2020-09-20

  Online published: 2020-12-18

摘要

嫦娥四号首次实现在月球背面的着陆,从而开启月球探测的新篇章。着陆区位于月球上最大、最古老的撞击盆地,即 南极 艾肯盆地,那里隐藏着月球深部物质组成以及早期撞击历史等秘密。该地区经历了约36亿年的小行星撞击粉碎和太阳 风的注入,表面形成10多米厚的一层月球土壤(月壤)。月球车“玉兔二号”行走在月壤上,利用携带的立体相机沿途摄 取高精度的立体照片,通过向下发射雷达电波探测出月壤的厚度和更深处的撞击坑溅射石块、溢出的熔岩流等,还利用光谱 仪测定了月壤和石块的成分。这些信息解开了着陆区的小行星撞击历史,并且得到月球深部的物质组成。

本文引用格式

林杨挺 . 嫦娥四号讲述的月球“土壤”故事[J]. 自然杂志, 2020 , 42(6) : 433 -440 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2020.06.001

Abstract

 Chang’E-4 successfully landed on the farside of the Moon, starting a new era of the lunar exploration. The landing site located within the largest and oldest impact basin on the Moon, the South Pole-Aitken basin, where many secrets about the lunar interior’s composition and early impacting history were hided. The region has been suffered a long period of 3.6 billion years asteroidimpacting and solar wind implanting, producing a layer of more than 10 m thick lunar soil (regolith). The lunar rover Yutu-2 traveled on the surface of lunar regolith, conducting the in situ exploration along the track. It acquired high resolution stereo photos with the onboard cameras, determined the thickness of the regolith and beneath crater ejecta and buried lava flows with the lunar penetrating radar, and measured the compositions of the soil and boulders on the surface with the visible and near infrared spectrometer. The asteroid impacting history of the landing region and the lunar interior’s composition were decoded from these data.
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