自然杂志 >

2021 , Vol. 43 >Issue 3: 209 - 216

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2021.03.006

科技进展

解读天鹅座X-1最新参数测量结果

展开
  • ①中国科学院国家天文台，北京 100101；②中国科学院大学 天文和空间科学学院，北京 100049

收稿日期: 2021-05-10

  网络出版日期: 2021-06-13

基金资助

国家重点研发计划(2016YFA0400804)和国家自然科学基金(U1838114)

收起

Interpret the latest parameter measurement results of Cygnus X-1

Expand
  • ①National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NAOC), Beijing 100012, China; ②School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received date: 2021-05-10

  Online published: 2021-06-13

Fold

摘要

1964年发现的天鹅座X-1是人类历史上第一颗可观测到的恒星级黑洞，它持续不断地吸引着天文学家的目光。精确测量该系统的参数有利于天文学家加深理解天鹅座X-1的物理性质，并有助于对恒星演化作出更好的限制。2011年，首次全面测量天鹅座X-1系统的质量、距离、自旋等参数；2021年，包括国家天文台在内的国际合作团队再次对该系统进行精确测 量，全面更新了系统参数。文章详细介绍天鹅座X-1的质量、距离、自旋三个参数的测量方法，以及2011和2021年两次精确测量的结果，并讨论了最新的测量结果对恒星及双星演化的启示。

关键词： 恒星级黑洞; 天鹅座X-1; 三角视差; 自旋; 动力学方法

本文引用格式

赵雪杉, 冯叶, 苟利军 . 解读天鹅座X-1最新参数测量结果[J]. 自然杂志, 2021 , 43(3) : 209 -216 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2021.03.006

Abstract

Cygnus X-1 discovered in 1964 was the first stellar mass black hole that has ever been observed, which continues to fascinate astronomers. Accurate measurements of the systematical parameters will help astronomers better understand its physical properties and put better limits on the evolution of stars. In 2011, the mass, distance, spin and other parameters of this system were comprehensive measured for the first time. In 2021, an international team including researchers from NAOC again made precise measurements and updated all the systematical parameters of Cygnus X-1. In this paper, we introduce the methods for measuring the mass, distance and spin of Cygnus X-1, present results of two previous precise measurements made in 2011 and 2021, respectively, and discuss the implications of the latest measurements on the stellar and binary evolution.

参考文献

[1] MIRABEL I F, RODRIGUES I. Formation of a black hole in the dark [J]. Science, 2003, 300: 1119-1120. DOI: 10.1126/science.1083451.

[2] REID M J, MCCLINTOCK J E, NARAYAN R, et al. The trigonometric parallax of Cygnus X-1 [J]. The Astrophysical Journal, 2011, 742: 83. DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/742/2/83. 

[3] OROSZ J A, MCCLINTOCK J E, AUFDENBERG J P, et al. The mass of the black hole in Cygnus X-1 [J]. The Astrophysical Journal, 2011, 742: 84. DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/742/2/84. 

[4] GOU L J, MCCLINTOCK J E, JEFFREY E, et al. The extreme spin of the black hole in Cygnus X-1 [J]. The Astrophysical Journal, 2011, 742: 85. DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/742/2/85. 

[5] MILLER-JONES J C A, BAHRAMIAN A, OROSZ J A, et al. Cygnus X-1 contains a 21-solar mass black hole – Implications for massive star winds [J]. Science, 2021, 371: 1046-1049. DOI: 10.1126/science. abb3363. 

[6] NEIJSSEL C J, VINCIGUERRA S, VIGNA-GÓMEZ A, et al. Wind mass-loss rates of stripped stars inferred from Cygnus X-1 [J]. The Astrophysical Journal, 2021, 908: 118. DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abde4a. 

[7] ZHAO X S, GOU L J, DONG Y T, et al. Re-estimating the spin parameter of the black hole in Cygnus X-1 [J]. The Astrophysical Journal, 2021, 908: 117. DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abbcd6. 

[8] CABALLERO-NIEVES S M. The ultraviolet spectrum and physical properties of the Mass Donor Star in HD 226868 = Cygnus X-1 [J]. The Astrophysical Journal, 2009, 701: 1895-1905. DOI: 10.1088/0004- 637X/701/2/1895. 

[9] LENNON D J, MAÍZ APELLÁNIZ J, IRRGANG A, et al. Hubble spectroscopy of LB-1: comparison with B+black-hole and Be+strippedstar models [J]. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2021, 649: A167. DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202040253. 

[10] BARDEEN J M, PRESS W H, TEUKOLSKY S A. Rotating black holes: locally nonrotating frames, energy extraction, and scalar synchrotron radiation [J]. The Astrophysical Journal, 1972, 178: 347-370.

 [11] FABIAN A C, REES M J, STELLA L, et al. X-ray fluorescence from the inner disc in Cygnus X-1 [J]. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 1989, 238: 729. 

[12] ZHANG S N, CUI W, CHEN W. Black hole spin in X-Ray binaries: observational consequences [J]. The Astrophysical Journal, 1997, 482: L155.

[13] GOU L J, MCCLINTOCK J E, REMILLARD R A, et al. Confirmation via the continuum-fitting method that the spin of the black hole in Cygnus X-1 is extreme [J]. The Astrophysical Journal, 2014, 790: 29. 

[14] QIN Y, MARCHANT P, FRAGOS T, et al. On the origin of black hole spin in high-mass X-Ray binaries [J]. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 2019, 870: L18. DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aaf97b. 

[15] EILBOTTT D H, RILEY A H, COHN J H, et al. Detecting binarity of GW150914-like lenses in gravitational microlensing events [J]. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, 2017, 467: L100. DOI: 10.1093/mnrasl/slx007. 

[16] MICHELL J. On the means of discovering the distance, magnitude, & c. of the fixed stars, in consequence of the diminution of the velocity of their light, in case such a diminution should be found to take place in any of them, and such other data should be procured from observations, as would be farther necessary for that purpose [J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 1783, 74: 35-57. 

[17] LAPLACEP S. Beweis des satzes, dass die anziehendekraft bey einem weltkörper so gross seyn könne, dass das licht davon nicht ausströmen kann [J]. Allgemeine Geographische Ephemeriden, 1799, 4: 1-6. 

[18] SCHWARZSCHILD K. Über das gravitationsfeld enies mass enpunktes nach der Einsteinschen theorie [M]. Berlin: Sitzungsberichte der Königlich-Preussischen Akademi der Wissenschaften, 1916. 

[19] KERR R P. Gravitational field of a spinning mass as an example of algebraically special metrics [J]. Physical Review Letters, 1963, 11(5): 237-238. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.11.237. 

[20] PENROSE R. Gravitational collapse and space-time singularities [J]. Physical Review Letters, 1965, 14(3): 57-59. DOI: 10.1103/ PhysRevLett.14.57. 

[21] PENROSE R, FLOYD R M. Extraction of rotational energy from a black hole [J]. Nature Physical Science, 1971, 229(6): 177-179. DOI: 10.1038/ physci229177a0. 

[22] HAWKING S W. Black hole explosions [J]. Nature, 1974, 248(5443): 30- 31. 

[23] HAWKING S W, PENROSE R. The singularities of gravitational collapse and cosmology [J]. Proc Roy SocLond A, 1970, 314: 529-548.

Options
文章导航

/

〈 〉

法律公告　|　 联系我们　|　 网站地图