花生四烯酸(AA)是全顺式-5, 8, 11, 14-二十碳四烯酸，可以通过环氧化酶(COX)、脂氧合酶(LOX)和细胞色素P450酶(CYP)途径合成多种花生四烯酸衍生物，在病理性和生理性的血管重构中发挥重要作用。肺动脉高压(PAH)是以肺动脉阻力进行性增大，肺动脉压力上升，最终导致右心衰竭甚至死亡为主要特征的病理过程，肺血管收缩、血管重构和血管栓塞是PAH重要的病理基础。文章总结了花生四烯酸及其衍生物在PAH发生发展中的作用及其机制，为治疗PAH和发现新药物靶点提供思路。

Arachidonic acid (AA) is an all cis-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid. A variety of arachidonic acid derivatives can be synthesized from AA through cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) pathways and play an important role in pathological and physiological vascular remodeling. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a pathological process characterized by augmentation incessantly of pulmonary artery resistance and pulmonary artery pressure, which eventually leads to right heart failure and even death. Pulmonary vasoconstriction, vascular remodeling and vascular embolism are important pathological basis. In this paper, we focused on the role of arachidonic acid and its derivatives in the development of PAH and its underlying mechanism, which provide ideas for the discovery of new drug targets for the treatment of PAH.