自然杂志 >

2022 , Vol. 44 >Issue 5: 329 - 338

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2022.05.002

特约专稿

嫦娥五号样品“讲述”月球故事

展开
  • 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 地球与行星物理重点实验室，北京 100029

收稿日期: 2022-06-07

  网络出版日期: 2022-10-21

收起

Chang'e-5 sample “tells” the story of the Moon 

Expand
  • The Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China

Received date: 2022-06-07

  Online published: 2022-10-21

Fold

摘要

 嫦娥五号实现了中国首次地外天体采样，是中国深空探测的重要里程碑，并开启了中国月球科学研究的新篇章。嫦娥 五号着陆在月球风暴洋北部，位于月球最年轻的月海玄武岩单元之一。遥感探测显示该地区具有独特的化学组成，如中等TiO2含量和高Th含量。科学家利用先进的实验分析技术研究嫦娥五号月壤中的玄武岩颗粒，发现其形成于20亿年前的火山活动，比阿波罗号样品和月球陨石限定的月球火山活动结束时间晚8亿年。此年轻火山活动的诱发机制仍不清楚，但是有两个主流假说，即富克里普物质提供了额外热量导致月幔熔融或富水源区降低了熔点，可以被排除。新样品带来新发现，新发现催生新理论。月球长时间火山活动之谜仍未解开，新的理论亟待建立。

关键词： 嫦娥五号; 月壤; 玄武岩; 火山活动; 热演化

本文引用格式

杨蔚 . 嫦娥五号样品“讲述”月球故事[J]. 自然杂志, 2022 , 44(5) : 329 -338 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2022.05.002

Abstract

Chang'e-5 mission has achieved China's first sample return from extraterrestrial bodies. It is an important milestone of the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program, opening a new era of lunar scientific research in the country. Chang'e-5 landed in one of the youngest basalt units on the Moon, the northern Oceanus Procellarum. Orbital observation shows that the landing area has unique chemical composition, such as moderate TiO2 and high Th contents. Scientists applied state-of-the-art analytical techniques to study the basalt fragments in the Chang'e-5 soil sample and found that they were formed at about 2 billion years ago, 800 million years later than the latest lunar volcanic activity dated by the Apollo samples and lunar meteorites. The trigger of this young volcanic activity is still unclear. However, two leading mechanisms can be ruled out, KREEP-rich sources providing an additional heat source for mantle melting or water-rich sources lowering melting point. New samples bring new discoveries, and the new discoveries give birth to new theories. The mystery of the long-term volcanic activity on the Moon is still unraveled, and new theories are about to be established. 

参考文献

[1] YANG W, LIN Y. New lunar samples returned by Chang’e-5: opportunities for new discoveries and international collaboration [J]. The Innovation, 2021, 2(1): 100070. 

[2] YAO Y, XIAO C, WANG P, et al. Instrumental neutron activation analysis of Chang’e-5 lunar regolith samples [J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2022, 144(12): 5478-5484. 

[3] ZHANG H, ZHANG X, ZHANG G, et al. Size, morphology, and composition of lunar samples returned by Chang’e-5 mission [J]. Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, 2021, 65(2): 229511. 

[4] LI C, HU H, YANG M F, et al. Characteristics of the lunar samples returned by Chang’e-5 mission [J]. National Science Review, 2022: nwab188. 

[5] TIAN H-C, WANG H, CHEN Y, et al. Non-KREEP origin for Chang’e-5 basalts in the Procellarum KREEP Terrane [J]. Nature, 2021, 600: 59-63. 

[6] CHE X, NEMCHIN A, LIU D, et al. Age and composition of young basalts on the Moon, measured from samples returned by Chang’e-5 [J]. Science, 2021, 374: 887-890. 

[7] HU S, HE H, JI J, et al. A dry lunar mantle reservoir for young mare basalts of Chang’e-5 [J]. Nature, 2021, 600: 49-53. 

[8] ZHANG D, SU B, CHEN Y, et al. Titanium in olivine reveals lowTi origin of the Chang’e-5 lunar basalts [J]. Lithos, 2022, 414/415: 106639. 

[9] Li Q-L, ZHOU Q, LIU Y, et al. Two billion-year-old volcanism on the Moon from Chang’e-5 basalts [J]. Nature, 2021, 600: 54-57.

[10] JIANG Y, LI Y, LIAO S, et al. Mineral chemistry and 3D tomography of a Chang’e 5 high-Ti basalt: implication for the lunar thermal evolution history [J]. Science Bulletin, 2022, 67(7): 755- 761.

[11] LIU S, ZHOU Q, LI Q, et al. Chang’e-5 samples reveal twobillion-year-old volcanic activity on the Moon and its source characteristics [J]. Science China Earth Sciences, 2021, 64: 1-7. 

[12] HE Q, LI Y, BAZIOTIS I, et al. Detailed petrogenesis of the unsampled Oceanus Procellarum: The case of the Chang'e-5 mare basalts [J]. Icarus, 2022, 383: 115082. 

[13] ZONG K, WANG Z, LI J, et al. Bulk compositions of the Chang’e-5 lunar soil: Insights into chemical homogeneity, exotic addition, and origin of landing site basalts [J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2022, 335: 284-296. 

[14] GU L, CHEN Y, XU Y, et al. Space weathering of the Chang’e-5 lunar sample from a mid-high latitude region on the Moon [J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2022, 49(7): e2022GL097875. 

[15] MO B, GUO Z, LI Y, et al. In Situ investigation of the valence states of iron-bearing phases in Chang’e-5 lunar soil using FIB, AES, And TEM-EELS techniques [J]. Atomic Spectroscopy, 2022, 43(1): 53-59. 

[16] CARLSON R W. Robotic sample return reveals lunar secrets [J]. Nature, 2021, 600: 39-40. 

[17] MITCHELL R N. Chang’E-5 reveals the Moon’s secrets to a longer life [J]. The Innovation, 2021: 100177. 

[18] MALLAPATY S. China’s first Moon rocks ignite research bonanza [J]. Nature, 2022, 603(7902): 561-562. 

[19] WOOD J A, DICKEY J S JR, MARVIN U B, et al. Lunar anorthosites and a geophysical model of the moon [J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta Supplement, 1970, 1: 965-988. 

[20] HARTMANN W K, DAVIS D R. Satellite-sized planetesimals and lunar origin [J]. Icarus, 1975, 24(4): 504-515. 

[21] CANUP R M. Dynamics of lunar formation [J]. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2004, 42(1): 441-475.

[22] STÖFFLER D, RYDER G, IVANOV B A, et al. Cratering history and lunar chronology [J]. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 2006, 60(1): 519-596. 

[23] SHEARER C K, HESS P C, WIECZOREK M A, et al. Thermal and magmatic evolution of the moon [J]. New Views of the Moon, 2006, 60(1): 365-518. 

[24] TARTÈSE R, ANAND M, GATTACCECA J, et al. Constraining the evolutionary history of the Moon and the inner solar system: a case for new returned lunar samples [J]. Space Science Reviews, 2019, 215(8): 54. 

[25] WANG J, ZHANG Y, DI K, et al. Localization of the Chang’e-5 lander using radio-tracking and image-based methods [J]. Remote Sensing, 2021, 13(4): 590. 

[26] ZHAO J, XIAO L, QIAO L, et al. The Mons Rümker volcanic complex of the Moon: A candidate landing site for the Chang’e-5 mission [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 2017, 122(7): 1419-1442. 

[27] QIAN Y Q, XIAO L, ZHAO S Y, et al. Geology and scientific significance of the Rümker region in northern Oceanus Procellarum: China’s Chang’e-5 landing region [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 2018, 123(6): 1407-1430. 

[28] QIAN Y, XIAO L, YIN S, et al. The regolith properties of the Chang’e-5 landing region and the ground drilling experiments using lunar regolith simulants [J]. Icarus, 2020, 337: 113508. 

[29] QIAN Y, XIAO L, HEAD G W, et al. Young lunar mare basalts in the Chang’e-5 sample return region, northern Oceanus Procellarum [J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2021, 555: 116702. 

[30] QIAN Y, XIAO L, WANG Q, et al. China’s Chang’e-5 landing site: geology, stratigraphy, and provenance of materials [J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2021, 561: 116855. 

[31] WU B, HUANG J, LI Y, et al. Rock abundance and crater density in the candidate Chang’e-5 landing region on the moon [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 2018, 123(12): 3256-3272. 

[32] YUE Z, DI K, LIU Z, et al. Lunar regolith thickness deduced from concentric craters in the CE-5 landing area [J]. Icarus, 2019, 329: 46-54. 

[33] JIA M, YUE Z, DI K, et al. A catalogue of impact craters larger than 200 m and surface age analysis in the Chang’e-5 landing area [J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2020, 541: 116272. 

[34] MENG Z, LEI J, QIAN Y, et al. Thermophysical features of the Rümker region in northern Oceanus Procellarum: insights from CE-2 CELMS data [J]. Remote Sensing, 2020, 12(19): 3272. 

[35] XIE M, XIAO Z, ZHANG X, et al. The provenance of regolith at the Chang’e-5 candidate landing region [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 2020, 125(5): e2019JE006112. 

[36] QIAO L, CHEN J, XU L, et al. Geology of the Chang’e-5 landing site: constraints on the sources of samples returned from a young nearside mare [J]. Icarus, 2021, 364: 114480. 

[37] HIESINGER H, HEAD III J W, WOLF U, et al. Ages and stratigraphy of lunar mare basalts: a synthesis [M]// AMBROSE W A, WILLIAMS D A. Recent Advances and Current Research Issues in Lunar Stratigraphy. Geological Society of America, 2011: 1-51.

 [38] HIESINGER H, HEAD Ⅲ J W, WOLF U, et al. Ages and stratigraphy of mare basalts in oceanus procellarum, mare nubium, mare cognitum, and mare insularum [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 2003, 108(E7): 5065. 

[39] GIGUERE T A, TAYLOR G J, HAWKE B R, et al. The titanium contents of lunar mare basalts [J]. Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 2000, 35(1): 193-200. 

[40] HASKIN L, WARREN P. Lunar chemistry [J]. Lunar Sourcebook, 1991, 4(4): 357-474. 

[41] JOLLIFF B L, GILLIS J J, HASKIN L A, et al. Major lunar crustal terranes: surface expressions and crust-mantle origins [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 2000, 105(E2): 4197-4216. 

[42] LIU T, MICHAEL G, ZHU M H, et al. Predicted sources of samples returned from Chang’e-5 landing region [J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2021, 48(8): e2021GL092434. 

[43] HASKIN L A, GILLIS J J, KOROTEV R L, et al. The materials of the lunar Procellarum KREEP Terrane: a synthesis of data from geomorphological mapping, remote sensing, and sample analyses [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 2000, 105(E8): 20403-20415. 

[44] SPOHN T, KONRAD W, BREUER D, et al. The longevity of lunar volcanism: implications of thermal evolution calculations with 2D and 3D mantle convection models [J]. Icarus, 2001, 149(1): 54-65. 

[45] MOROTA T, HARUYAMA J, OHTAKE M, et al. Timing and characteristics of the latest mare eruption on the Moon [J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2011, 302(3/4): 255-266. 

[46] WIECZOREK M A, PHILLIPS R J. The “Procellarum KREEP Terrane”: implications for mare volcanism and lunar evolution [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 2000, 105(E8): 20417- 20430. 

[47] BORG L E, SHEARER C K, ASMEROM Y, et al. Prolonged KREEP magmatism on the Moon indicated by the youngest dated lunar igneous rock [J]. Nature, 2004, 432(7014): 209-211. 

[48] GU Y, YANG R, GENG H, et al. Geological processes and products recorded in lunar soils: a review [J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2022, 67(14): 1579-1596. 

[49] TAYLOR G J, WARREN P, RYDER G, et al. Lunar rocks [M]// Lunar Sourcebook, A User’s Guide to the Moon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991: 183-284. 

[50] SNAPE J F, NEMCHIN A A, WHITEHOUSE M J, et al. The timing of basaltic volcanism at the Apollo landing sites [J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2019, 266: 29-53. 

[51] Li J-H, LI Q-L, ZHAO L, et al. Rapid screening of Zr-containing particles from Chang’e-5 lunar soil samples for isotope geochronology: technical roadmap for future study [J]. Geoscience Frontiers, 2022, 13(5): 101367. 

[52] LIU Y, LI X-H, LI Q L, et al. Breakthrough of 2- to 3-μm scale U– Pb zircon dating using cameca IMS-1280HR SIMS [J]. Surface and Interface Analysis, 2020, 52(5): 214-223. 

[53] YUE Z, DI K, WAN W, et al. Updated lunar cratering chronology model with the radiometric age of Chang’e-5 samples [J]. Nature Astronomy, 2022, 6: 541-545. 

[54] LI J H, YANG W, LI X-Y, et al. The Chang’e-5 lunar samples stimulate the development of microanalysis techniques [J]. Atomic Spectroscopy, 2022, 43(1): 1-5.

Options
文章导航

/

〈 〉

法律公告　|　 联系我们　|　 网站地图