许多新奇的量子效应可以在一些特殊的材料中被观察或者观测到，这一类材料是量子效应的载体，被称为量子材料。对量子材料的研究正在引领新的技术革命，是多个研究领域的前沿热点方向。由于低维材料中电子与电子之间的关联性和电子明显的限域效应，其中存在着丰富且奇妙的量子效应或者行为。文章主要从材料中的量子效应出发介绍了影响量子材料基本特性的几种机理，并着重介绍了几种低维量子材料(拓扑绝缘体、石墨烯、硅烯、锗烯)的发展历程、发展现状和目前所面临的挑战。

Many novel quantum effects can be observed in some special materials, which are the carriers of quantum effects and are called quantum materials. The research on quantum materials is leading a new technological revolution and is a hot frontier in many research fields. Because of the correlation between electrons and electrons in low-dimensional materials and the obvious limiting effect of electrons, there are rich and wonderful quantum effects or behaviors in low-dimensional materials. This paper mainly introduces several mechanisms affecting the basic properties of quantum materials from the quantum effects in materials, and focuses on the development history, development status and current challenges of several low-dimensional quantum materials (topological insulators, graphene, silene, germanene).