自然杂志 >

2024 , Vol. 46 >Issue 1: 1 - 11

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2024.01.001

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气候变化与碳中和

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  • 中国科学院大气物理研究所 大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室，北京 100029

收稿日期: 2023-10-08

  网络出版日期: 2024-02-09

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Climate change and carbon neutrality

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  • State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics,
    Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China

Received date: 2023-10-08

  Online published: 2024-02-09

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摘要

工业化以来化石燃料的广泛使用使大气中的二氧化碳浓度急剧升高，造成全球气候变暖、极端天气气候事件频发。为有效应对和减缓气候变化，国际社会通过《巴黎协定》设定了2 ℃和1.5 ℃温控目标，由此提出了碳中和的概念。文章介绍了全球变暖的基本事实、人类碳排放对工业化以来全球变暖的作用，归纳了关于未来气候变化的主要结果，阐释了1.5/2 ℃温升阈值与碳中和的关系，概述了国际社会为有效应对全球变暖而在减少碳排放方面的努力。

关键词： 气候变化; 碳中和; 极端气候事件; 气候模拟; 气候预估

本文引用格式

周天军, 陈晓龙, 张文霞, 张丽霞 . 气候变化与碳中和[J]. 自然杂志, 2024 , 46(1) : 1 -11 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2024.01.001

Abstract

Since the industrial revolution, carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere has risen sharply due to the widely-used fossil fuel, leading to global warming and frequent extreme climate events. To effectively confront and mitigate the climate change, in the Paris Agreement, the international community set warming targets to hold the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 ℃ above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 ℃ above pre-industrial levels. The concept of carbon neutrality starts spreading and known by larger communities. Here, we introduced some basic facts of global warming and the effect of anthropogenic carbon emission on the warming, summarized main results with respect to future climate changes, elucidated the relationship between 1.5/2 ℃ warming threshold and the carbon neutral, and finally overviewed the efforts of carbon reduction made by international community to effectively adapt to and mitigate the global warming.

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