帕金森病是一种以黑质多巴胺能神经元丧失和α-突触核蛋白异常聚集为主要病理特征的神经退行性疾病。近期研究表明，小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞引发的先天免疫反应，以及自然杀伤细胞、B细胞和T细胞活化并浸润到帕金森病患者大脑诱导的适应性免疫反应，在多巴胺能神经元损伤和帕金森病进展中起关键作用，因此免疫损伤可能是帕金森病治疗研究的关键。本综述总结了帕金森病免疫损伤机制的研究进展，以期为帕金森病的防治提供新思路。

Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein as the main pathological features of the disease. Recent studies have shown that innate immune responses triggered by microglia and astrocytes, and adaptive immune responses induced by the activation and infiltration of NK cells, B cells, and T cells into the brains of patients with Parkinson’s disease play a key role in dopaminergic neuronal damage and disease progression in Parkinson’s disease, suggesting that immune damage may be the key to therapeutic research in Parkinson’s disease may be the key to Parkinson’s disease. Therefore, this review summarises the research progress on the mechanism of immune injury in Parkinson’s disease, with a view to providing possible new ideas for the prevention and treatment of Parkinson’s disease.